A prospective study was carried out on 200 consecutive subjects seen for counselling (consultands) for serious genetic disorders. Educational and social background of consultands and their knowledge and understanding of their particular problem were assessed before counselling, and their response was determined immediately afterwards and three months and two years later by an independent observ...

of variations in the soil, the season, the gathering time, etc. These variations are undesirable from a therapeutic standpoint, especially where they occur in potent drugs. It is essential, therefore, that before these agents are used for medicinal purposes, a certain amount of purity and freedom from admixture with other substances should be strictly ensured. In the case of non-vegetable produ...

Gallibacterium anatis is a pathogen in chickens and other avian species where it is a significant cause of salpingitis and peritonitis. We found that bacterial cells and cell-free, filter-sterilised culture supernatant from the haemolytic G. anatis biovar haemolytica were highly cytotoxic towards avian-derived macrophage-like cells (HD11). We obtained the genome sequence of G. anatis 12656-12 a...

Although jaundice was described in the medical writings of Mesopotamia during the Babylonian period, progress in the understanding of infectious hepatitis did not occur until the second world war. Investigations carried out during outbreaks of jaundice in the armed Forces led to the establishment of the viral aetiology of the disease and also confirmed that there were two distinct epidemiologic...

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for sharing his clinical condition in a scientific journal. The 53-year-old male patient (weight 78 kg) was going to undergo liver transplantation from a living donor because of end-stage liver failure. His history revealed that he had cirrhosis for 1 year and had thrombus in his portal vein. He was admitted into the operating room and unde...

Guggal is tapped for extraction of medicinally important oleo-gum-resin (guggul) by inoculating the stem bark with natural gum suspension containing pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. commiphorae (Xac). The tree dies in the process. In absence of any specific medium for isolation of Xac, it is difficult to assess spread of the pathogen within the plant. A PCR based molecular detect...

To investigate possible reasons for the discrepancy between the abundance of 4-methyl components in free sterols and steryl chlorin esters (SCEs) which is commonly observed in sediments, experiments in which the copepod Calanus helgolandicus grazed on the dino ̄agellates Prorocentrum micans and Alexandrium tamarense were carried out. With P. micans all the algal sterols were esteri®ed as SCEs in...

OBJECTIVE To assess if the risk of first-time salpingectomy was affected by prior hysterectomy with retained fallopian tubes and by prior sterilisation. DESIGN A historical cohort study. SETTING Denmark. PARTICIPANTS 170 000 randomly selected women born 1947-1963 (10 000/year) were followed from 1977 until the end of 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effect of hysterectomy with retained fallo...

BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY The study aim was to examine whether exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) was associated with reversible contraceptive use in ever-pregnant partnered women. The authors conducted a longitudinal panel study in León municipality, Nicaragua. At baseline (2002-2003), 478 pregnant women were interviewed and 398 were available for questioning about contraceptive use ...