Filamentous cyanobacteria are the main primary producers in biological desert sand crusts. The cells are exposed to extreme environmental conditions including temperature, light, and diurnal desiccation/rehydration cycles. We have studied the kinetics of activation of photosynthesis during rehydration of the cyanobacteria, primarily Microcoleus sp., within crust samples collected in the Negev d...

Magnetic field evolution in neutron-star crusts is driven by the Hall effect and Ohmic dissipation, for as long crust sufficiently strong to absorb Maxwell stresses exerted thus make momentum equation redundant. For strongest fields, however, build point of crustal failure, at which standard equations are no longer valid. Here, we study magnetic up beyond whence begins flow plastically. We perf...