• Coldness and dry air drive contrasting WUE responses to dryness (EF) via GEP changes. Greater impact from than ET on meadow under high soil moisture. T/ET had logarithmic relation with LAI, negative linear dryness. The future climate change predicts higher drought risks in deteriorating the functions services of dryland ecosystems. Interpreting sensitivity ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE)...

The trends of the coenoflora structure dynamics perennial grass crops communities were characterized on gradient restorative succession in conditions steppe and forest-steppe zones Southern Urals. Using an agglomerative cluster analysis, four community groups have been identified, which corresponds to stages reflecting age (from 1 16 years or more). It is demonstrated that complicates species c...

Land-use–cover change (LUCC)/vegetation cover plays a critical role in Earth system science and is reflection of human activities environmental changes. LUCC will affect the structure function ecosystems series other terrestrial surface processes, such as energy exchange, water circulation, biogeochemical vegetation productivity. Therefore, accurate mapping monitoring are bases for simulating g...

The tribes mentioned in Ibn Fadlan’s “Note” before their migration to the Middle Volga lived on territory of Khazar Khaganate (the North Caucasus, Volga-Don steppes). It was there that they began move a settled life, as well converge language and culture. main part genetically belonged Turkic-Ogurs, ancestors Bersils were Persian-speaking, Esegels Ugrians. Consequently, ethnonyms constructed co...

It’s been over century since the question «Did royal Russian government pursue a tough colonial policy in Central Asia and Turkestan including Kazakh steppes?» has matter of heated debate scientific literature. Many articles about region were published last decade. In particular, scientists from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Russia, Japan, Italy, United States, France, Germany, Kingdom co...