We consider the problem of covert communication over a state-dependent channel, where the transmitter has causal or noncausal knowledge of the channel states. Here, “covert” means that a warden on the channel should observe similar statistics when the transmitter is sending a message and when it is not. When a sufficiently long secret key is shared between the transmitter and the receiver, we d...

Introduction: There are many similarities between memory impairment in patients suffering from Alzheimer and animals treated by Cannabinoids. The agonists of Cannabinoid receptors affect on a variety of memories and leanings. The present study aims to investigate the role of α-1-adrenergic receptors in central region of amygdala in state-dependent learning induced by WIN55,212-2 (cannabin...

This study numerically investigated heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a novel cylindrical heat sink with helical minichannels for the laminar flow of fluid with temperature-dependent properties. A finite volume method was employed to obtain the solution of governing equations. The effects of helical angle, channel aspect ratio, and Reynolds number, which were regarded as main para...

The voltage dependent N-type Ca channel (NCC) distributed in the nerve ending of the central and peripheral nerves. NCC is considered as potential therapeutic target for several pathological disorders like neuropathic pain and stroke disease. For understanding mechanism of action at the atomic level crystal structure provide valuable inside but lack of crystal structure of ion channel lead sequ...

We develop Markov models for various schedulers in order to evaluate their performance tradeoffs at wireless links. While FIFO scheduling aggregates flows into a single flow just prior to the wireless link, Channel-State Dependent (or CSD) schedulers maintain a queue for each flow, and use predicted channel information to make scheduling decisions. We present results of tradeoffs in terms of ov...

Commercial advertising is the main source of income for TV channels and allocation of advertising time slots for maximizing broadcasting revenues is the major problem faced by TV channel planners. In this paper, the problem of scheduling advertisements on prime-time of a TV channel is considered. The problem is formulated as a multi-unit combinatorial auction based mathematical model. This is a...

Several rigorous turbulent models have been developed in the past years and it can be seen that more research is needed to reach a better understanding of their generality and precision by verifying their applications for distinct hydraulic phenomena; under certain assumptions. This survey evaluates the performance of Standard k-ε, Realizable k-ε, RNG k-ε, k-ω and RSM models in predicting flow ...

The state from which channel inactivation occurs is both biologically and mechanistically critical. For example, preferential closed-state inactivation is potentiated in certain Ca(2+) channel splice variants, yielding an enhancement of inactivation during action potential trains, which has important consequences for short-term synaptic plasticity. Mechanistically, the structural substrates of ...

All therapeutically used sodium channel inhibitor drugs seem to act similarly: in a use-dependent and state-dependent manner. These properties, however, can be caused by multiple mechanisms, as we and others have previously shown [1]. The two major hypotheses that explain use-and state-dependent inhibition are the MRH [2] and the GRH [3]. In this study we investigated which hypothesis better de...