This paper reviews the direct stiffness method for the calculation of harmonic and transient wave propagation in horizontally layered media. Developed in the early eighties by Kausel and Roësset, this method has become a standard tool for the computation of the Green’s functions in layered media. As it is based on a superposition of plane harmonic waves in the frequency-wavenumber domain, it is...

Rotaxanes can have topological isomers because of their mechanically interlocked axle and wheel components. Directional are formed when the rotaxanes constructed using an asymmetric a three-dimensional non-symmetrical wheel. In this work, directional [2]rotaxanes were synthesised lariat dibenzo-24-crown-8 ether as component sec-ammonium salt axle. Control over isomer ratio was achieved, demonst...

The paper presents an experience of using orthogonal hexahedral meshes for simulation different processes in machine-building products. Stress state the details suspension a cargo vehicle during movement on random road profile was simulated. Orthogonal lower levers and housing piston rod shock adsorber were used. Thermal elements drive axle its with constant speed calculated inner volume axle. ...

Traffic volume and vehicle load are one of the causes road damage. The research was conducted on Road Governor Soebardjo. objective to determine effect traffic standard loads method used is regression analysis correlation. This obtains relationship between (equivalent single axle load/ESA) damage with r P values. study results show a weight yields equation y = 6E-07x2 + 0.0038x 0.3849 robust co...

The objective of the present work was to study space allowance in cattle during commercial long haul transport (≥400 km; n = 6,152 journeys). Surveys, delivered to livestock transport carriers, gathered information on the number, BW, and distribution of cattle by trailer compartment as well as the characteristics of the transport vehicles used. Space allowance (SA; m(2)/animal), allometric coef...

The results of this analytical study of wheelchair wheelie performance can be summarized into two wheelchair design equations, or rules of thumb, as developed in the paper. The equation containing the significant parameters involved in popping a wheelie for curb climbing is: fh = 0.8 mg theta c.g. [A] where fh is handrim force, m is the mass of the wheelchair + user less rear wheels, g is accel...

Octaoxa[22]ferrocenophane, 1, was synthesized and employed as the macrocyclic component of [2]rotaxanes. [2]Pseudorotaxanes composed of macrocyclic molecule 1 and dialkylammonium derivatives with a terminal vinyl group undergo end-capping via cross-metathesis of the terminal group with bulky acrylates. The [2]rotaxanes of 1 with axle components having bulky terminal groups, such as 3,5-dimethyl...