Surveying bird populations through visual observation is generally limited to morning. The focus on morning surveys is based on the reasonable assumption that detection is more likely when birds are most active. However, population surveys could become more timeand cost-efficient if both morning and evening sampling were equally effective, particularly for game birds, such as white-winged dove ...

There are two generations of Gibbs sampling methods for semi-parametric models involving the Dirichlet process. The rst generation suuered from a severe drawback; namely that the locations of the clusters, or groups of parameters, could essentially become xed, moving only rarely. Two strategies that have been proposed to create the second generation of Gibbs samplers are integration and appendi...

fish is one of the healthy foods and a rich source of animal protein average household consumption of fish in our soceity is such a low in that one can rarly find it in a family food basket. therefore, this study aimed at analyzing the factors affecting consumption of fish among tabrizian households. to do this, a total of 224 questionnaires was conducted using clustered two- stage sampling met...

PURPOSE To assess the immunization status of young children in a predominantly Hispanic region in and around downtown Los Angeles, and factors associated with complete immunization by age 24 months. METHODS The information was gathered in a two-stage cluster survey with probability proportionate to estimated size (PPS) sampling of 30 clusters at the first stage, and simple random sampling of ...

lifestyles, since their emergence as constructive parts of modernity changes, have formed cultural and economic procedures and they even represent a quest for personal identity and have also affected social communications. therefore sociologists are paying more attention to the subject of lifestyle these days and are studying the factors like religiosity of people influencing it. in this study ...

Probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling finds application in business surveys both for the first stage of a multi-stage design, and for direct sampling of businesses from a list frame. In both cases there is a need to update samples from time to time, while retaining as many units as possible from the old sample. In the second type of application there is also a need for negative coordi...

Evolution of small-vacancy clusters in bcc Fe is simulated using a multiscale approach coupling an atomistic activation-relaxation method for sampling transition-state pathways with environment-dependent reaction coordinate calculations and a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to reach time scales on the order of ~10⁴ s. Under vacancy-supersaturated condition, di- and trivacancy clusters form and g...