This paper is concerned with the numerical simulation of gas flow inside spray dryers, which is known to be highly transient. Experimental evidence presented in the literature to date is acquired either at a scale much smaller than industrial or at a limited number of locations in the system (e.g. the central axis). Alternatively, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, in particular met...

The corrosion behavior of austempered ductile iron (ADI) under cyclic salt spray exposure was studied using a specific three-electrode cell located in the fog chamber. Three steps were identified, namely pitting ferrite (very first cycles), followed by inward oxidation ausferrite matrix and then (iii) mixed associated with formation rust layer at specimen surface. Evolution rate calculated from...

A new type of electron ionization LC-MS with supersonic molecular beams (EI-LC-MS with SMB) is described. This system and its operational methods are based on pneumatic spray formation of the LC liquid flow in a heated spray vaporization chamber, full sample thermal vaporization and subsequent electron ionization of vibrationally cold molecules in supersonic molecular beams. The vaporized sampl...

OBJECTIVE To measure the influence of topical steroids and the preservative potassium sorbate on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human nasal mucosa in vitro. DESIGN In vitro study of cultured ciliated cells of human nasal mucosa. METHODS Human nasal mucosa was removed endoscopically and cultured for 10 days. Cell cultures with ciliated cells grown on an object slide were exposed to benz...