Abstract The beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) is a serious polyphagous pest that infests vegetable crops worldwide and has rapidly developed resistance due to its long-term exposure insecticides. current statuses four insecticides exhibited by three field populations of armyworms collected in southern China from 2014 2018 were investigated. Monitoring data five consecutive years demonst...

Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), is a polyphagous pest of vegetables and field crops. A field population of S. exigua from Lodhran was found resistant to conventional insecticides. It gave 65, 66, 92, 73, 34 and 29–fold resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, abamectin and spinosad respectively compared with Lab-PK susceptible population. Field population was divided into...

Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hubner.) is the main pest of acacia. Controlling such pests generally uses synthetic insecticides, which cause negative impacts as they would resistance & resurgence, environmental pollution, residual effects, secondary explosions, and reduced biodiversity. We need an alternative in control, using parasitoid Trichogramma japonicum. This study aims to test parasit...

Plants use multiple interacting signaling systems to identify and respond to biotic stresses. Although it is often assumed that there is specificity in signaling responses to specific pests, this is rarely examined outside of the gene-for-gene relationships of plant-pathogen interactions. In this study, we first compared early events in gene expression and later events in metabolite profiles of...

The role of salicylic acid (SA) in plant responses to pathogens has been well documented, but its direct and indirect effects on plant responses to insects are not so well understood. We examined the effects of SA, alone and in combination with jasmonic acid (JA), on the performance of the generalist herbivore, Spodoptera exigua, in wild-type and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes that varie...

Study of lifecycle patterns and rhythms is important to understand the ecology and evolution of insects. The tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a serious polyphagous pest in Asia, Oceania and the Indian subcontinent. The laboratory investigations of development patterns and circadian rhythms described in this paper have shown that the development duration from egg to...

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lysozymes are the main effectors of the insect immune system, and they are involved in both local and systemic responses. Among local responses, midgut immune reaction plays an important role in fighting pathogens that reach the insect body through the oral route, as do many microorganisms used in pest control. Under this point of view, understanding how insect...

Plant responses to insect herbivory are regulated through complex, hormone-mediated interactions. Some caterpillar species have evolved strategies to manipulate this system by inducing specific pathways that suppress plant defense responses. Effectors in the labial saliva (LS) secretions of Spodoptera exigua caterpillars are believed to induce the salicylic acid (SA) pathway to interfere with t...