During embryogenesis, paraxial mesoderm cells contribute skeletal muscle progenitors, whereas cardiac progenitors originate in the lateral splanchnic mesoderm (SpM). Here we focus on a subset of the SpM that contributes to the anterior or secondary heart field (AHF/SHF), and lies adjacent to the cranial paraxial mesoderm (CPM), the precursors for the head musculature. Molecular analyses in chic...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk developing a second primary malignancy (SPM) in oral tongue cancer (OTC) patients, and identify characteristics survival outcomes OTC patients with an SPM. Patients first were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Result (SEER) database, further divided into only one (OOPM) group SPM group. Baseline between two groups compared. Further...

Although many psychometric tests, like Raven’s Progressive Matrices, are commonly evaluated according to total score, additional variables can lend insight into the underlying cognitive processes. We examine conceptual errors on the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) test. We present a complete classification of error types on the SPM using a two-kind coding scheme, yielding ≥ 95% inte...

Creative reasoning in ill-defined problem spaces operates differently from classical reasoning in well-defined spaces. To systematically compare the two in an identical knowledge domain, we applied a classical intelligence test: the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), in combination with two tests of creativity: the Test for Creative Thinking Drawing Production (TCT-DP) and the newly developed...

spm (Sand Pile Model) is a simple discrete dynamical system used in physics to represent granular objects. It is deeply related to integer partitions, and many other combinatorics problems, such as tilings or rewriting systems. The evolution of the system started with n stacked grains generates a lattice, denoted by SPM(n). We study here the structure of this lattice. We rst explain how it can ...

Since its conception, the scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has attracted increasing attention as a novel method that provides an outstanding capability for direct visualization of topological features and characterization of the local properties of organic thin films. While imaging mechanisms for organic molecules are still being debated, careful and credible studies have been performed enabling...

We describe and experimentally validate the Simplest Parkour Model (SPM) for the ParkourBot, a planar dynamic climbing robot equipped with two springy BowLegs. By controlling the leg angles and injected energy at impact, the ParkourBot is capable of climbing up and down in a rigid chute on an inclined air table. The SPM consists of a point mass and two massless legs. The legs are assumed to be ...

The self-protection multipath (SPM) is a simple protection switching mechanism. It distributes the traffic over several disjoint paths from source to destination according to a traffic distribution function. When a path fails, the traffic is redistributed to the working paths according to another traffic distribution function, i.e., the traffic distribution function depends on the failed path. ...

Recent work in high-performance computing has shifted attention to PC clusters. For PC-clusters, member nodes are independent computers connected by generalpurpose networks. The latency of data communications is long and load balancing among the nodes becomes a critical issue. We introduce a new model for program development on PC clusters, namely the SuperProgramming Model (SPM) to address thi...

Time stability plays an important role in the applications of scanning probe microscopes (SPMs). Although SPMs integrated with a closed-loop control system could reduce the drift greatly, drift would still exist. The SPM drift in the lateral direction has been well studied, and several measurement methods have also been developed. However, due to coupling of the lateral drift, it is still diffi...