BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is the most important cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Aldosterone is involved in renal damage through induction of fibrosis, inflammation and necrosis in the kidney tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated that the combination of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and spironolactone (an anti-aldosterone drug) are efficient for albuminuria reduction. ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of spironolactone on ventricular stiffness in spontaneously hypertensive adult rats subjected to high salt intake. INTRODUCTION High salt intake leads to cardiac hypertrophy, collagen accumulation and diastolic dysfunction. These effects are partially mediated by cardiac activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. METHODS Male spontaneously hyper...

Background and Aim: Gynaecomastia enlargement of breast in males; due to hyperplasia the glandular tissue. Causes: Physiological (20%) Pathological (30%) Drugs (10-20%) Idiopathic (25%) (2) Although Gynecomastia spirolonactone is bilateral, we report a case unilateral gynecomastia; previously similar has been reported. Case Report: A 58 yrs male, kc Chronic liver disease (NASH) with ascites, co...

Background: Early diagnosis of albuminuria and the prevention of its progression to macroalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy are crucial. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and antagonists of angiotensin II receptors type I (ARBs) are currently used as first-line treatment for albuminuria in these patients. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of addition of spi...

Although therapy with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) is recommended for patients with chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction and in post-infarction HF, it has not been studied well in acute HF (AHF) despite being commonly used in this setting. At high doses, MRA therapy in AHF may relieve congestion through its natriuretic properties and mitigate the effects of...

In a prospective, double-blind, intraindividual, cross-over, placebo-controlled multicenter study, clinical and biochemical effects of once daily postprandial dose regimens of 50, 100, and 200 mg spironolactone were investigated in 45 outpatients with primary hypertension, WHO (World Health Organization) Stage I-II. Each of the three actire therapy periods, which were randomly allocated to pati...

BACKGROUND Impaired functional capacity is a hallmark of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Despite the association of HFpEF with reduced myocardial compliance attributed to fibrosis, spironolactone has not been shown to alter outcomes-perhaps reflecting the heterogeneity of underlying pathological mechanisms. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to identify improv...