Abstract A worldwide effort to counter the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in hundreds of candidate vaccines moving through various stages research and development, including several phase 1, 2 3 clinical trials. relatively small number these have been evaluated SARS-CoV-2 disease models, fewer a severe model. Here, DNA targeting spike protein delivered by jet injection, nCoV-S(JET), elicited ne...

in order to choose the best adaptable genotypes for arak condition, 31 genotypes of crested wheatgrass collected of gene bank research institute of forests and rangelands iran, were examined under normal and drought stress conditions using randomized complete block design with 3 replications during 2004-05. the days to heading and days to pollination, plant height (cm), number of tiller, spike ...

Abstract Cyanobacteria like Arthrospira platensis and Nostoc muscorum are known to be beneficial for plant development. They can improve growth, yield, proximate content (protein carbohydrate), stimulate tolerance abiotic stresses herbicides. In the present study, impacts of brominal herbicide (Bh) alone or in combination with natural cyanobacterial synthetic tryptophan treatments were investig...

COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a real threat due to emergence of new variants which are more deadly with higher infectivity. Vaccine constructs that target specific needed for stemming fatality. The spike (S) glycoprotein is major antigenic component triggers host immune response. Reverse vaccinology strategy was applied S protein variant D614G identify highly ranked protein...

The human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a highly infectious virus that causes severe respiratory infections in humans. The spike envelope glycoprotein of SARS-CoV, the main determinant of SARS-CoV tropism, was isolated and used to pseudotype a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-based vector. Spike-pseudotyped HIV vector was generated and evaluated in vitro on well-...

The spike proteins of a number of coronaviruses are able to bind to sialic acids present on the cell surface. The importance of this sialic acid binding ability during infection is, however, quite different. We compared the spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and the spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Whereas sialic acid is the only receptor determinant ...

Introduction: The Nef accessory protein is an attractive antigenic candidate in the development of HIV-1 DNA- or protein-based vaccines. The most crucial disadvantage of DNA and protein-based vaccines is their low immunogenicity, which can be improved by cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as effective carrier molecules. Methods: In this study, the HIV-1 Nef protein was generated in the Escherichi...

Infection with SARS-CoV involves not only the respiratory tract but also the gastrointestinal tract and other organ systems. Several reports have highlighted the direct infection of haematopoietic cells by SARS-CoV. It is unclear how the virus gets into immune cells that do not express the SARS-CoV receptor angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Immune-mediated infections and, in particular,...

Background & Aims: Atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Adiponectin reducesthe risk of heart disease, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is involved in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaque. The aim of this study was the investigation of the effect of adiponectin on MMP-9 gene expression. It seems this hormone can reduce the risk of atherosclerosis ...

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance in understanding of biology SARS-CoV-2. After more than two years since first report COVID-19, it remains crucial to continue studying how SARS-CoV-2 proteins interact with host metabolism cause COVID-19. In this review, we summarize findings regarding functions 16 non-structural, 6 accessory and 4 structural proteins. We place less emphasis ...