background: pattern recognition receptors (prrs) are the main sensors of pathogen and danger signals in innate immunity of which toll like receptors (tlrs) are the most studied ones. the contribution of prrs in cerebral inflammation induced by microbial infection, tissue damage and cancer has not extensively been addressed so far. glioma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system an...

background: interfering with cell proliferation and survival is a critical role for antineoplastic drugs leading to cell death through induction of apoptosis. alternative treatments with herbal extracts offer insights into acute myeloid leukemia (aml) therapy. parthenolide (ptl), an extract from feverfew, induces apoptosis in primary human leukemia stem cells (lscs) and bulk leukemic cell popul...

INTRODUCTION Patients faced with infertility due to spermatogonial stem cell loss have currently semen cryobanking as only option for fertility preservation. A growing group of patients cannot benefit from this strategy as they are devoid of spermatozoa or even of any spermatogenic cell at the time of diagnosis. We therefore aimed at investigating alternative strategies to preserve or restore f...

Potential therapeutic use of stem cells in the treatment of human diseases depends on our ability to control the balance of their differentiation and self-renewal in vitro and in vivo. The stem cell "niche," or specialized microenvironment, is now recognized as one of the major contributors to this regulation in many species. Our recent study, which was reported in Nature, was the first to demo...

Abstract Background Nano-fibrous scaffolds provide a three-dimensional matrix that guides sufficient orientation of seeded cells similar to natural niche. In this research, we designed silk scaffold improve the differention mouse spermatogonial stem spermatogenic cell lines. Spermatogonial were collected from neonatal (2–6 days) testes ( n =60) using two steps mechanical and enzymatic method. C...

This review looks into the phylogeny of spermatogonial stem cells and describes their basic biological features. We are focusing on species-specific differences of spermatogonial stem cell physiology. We propose revised models for the clonal expansion of spermatogonia and for the potential existence of true stem cells and progenitors in primates but not in rodents. We create a new model for the...