In this study, the transesterification of palm oil with methanol for biodiesel production was studied by using CaO–ZnO as a heterogeneous base catalyst prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation (IWI) and co-precipitation (CP) methods. The reaction parameters considered were molar ratio of methanol to oil, amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The optimum conditions—15:1 ...

Recycling platinum group metals from secondary resources such as spent automotive exhaust catalysts is promising for the circular economy. However, selective separation of Pt over massive amounts impurity Mg and Al particularly challenging. In this study, non-aqueous direct leaching a catalyst (SAC) using hydrophobic ionic liquids, namely, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (P66614Cl) tri...

Aqueous phase reforming of glycerol was studied over a series of γ-Al2O3 supported metal nanoparticle catalysts for hydrogen production in a batch reactor. Of the metals studied, Pt/Al2O3 was found to be the most active catalyst under the conditions tested. A further systematic study on the impact of reaction parameters, including stirring speed, pressure, temperature, and substrate/metal molar...

This chapter explains the manifold geobiotechnological possibilities to separate industrial valuable metals from various industrial residues and stored waste products of the past. In addition to an overview of the different microbially catalyzed chemical reactions applicable for a separation of metals and details of published studies, results of many individual investigations from various resea...

the potential of carbon nanotubes (cnt) supported cobalt catalysts for fischer-tropsch (ft) reaction is shown. using the wet impregnation method cobalt on carbon nanotubes catalysts were prepared with cobalt loading varying from 15 to 45 wt. %. the catalysts are characterized by different methods including: bet physisorption, x-ray diffraction, hydrogen chemisorption, and temperature-programmed...

the interaction of the external donor (propyltrimethoxysilane - ptms) with titanium-magnesium catalysts (tmcs) containing dibutylphthalate (dbp) as internal donor, which were prepared in different ways, was studied by chemical analysis and infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (drifts). the chemical composition of the catalysts after their interaction with heptane solutions of ptms, ptms/al...

Bamboo is a potential lignocellulosic biomass for the production of bioethanol because of its high cellulose and hemicellulose contents. An acid-free ethanosolv process was proposed to overcome the problems caused by the acid catalysts commonly used in organosolv processes. In this research, ethanosolv pretreatment catalyzed by NaOH was used to enhance the enzymatic saccharification of moso bam...

Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst with the addition of tri-promoters (Mn/Nb/Zr) was investigated respect to their catalytic activity and stability in a prolonged reaction duration methanol synthesis. Spent catalysts were characterized using N2 adsorption-desorption, FESEM/EDX, TEM, N2O chemisorption, XPS for physicochemical properties. The longevity study evaluated at two days, seven 14 days 300 °C, 31.25 ...

Abstract This essay considers the multiscalar manifestations of loss and destruction through material-semiotic figure “spent earth,” a toxic waste by-product generated by industrial bleaching crude oils into edible oils. Drawing on two distinct encounters with spent earth in Indonesian palm oil sector, reflects substance's unevenly distributed effects across peoples, places, generations; its as...