introduction: patients with epilepsy can have impaired cognitive abilities. many factors contribute to this impairment, including the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs like gabapentin (gbp). apart from anti-epilectic action, gabapentin is used to relieve ethanol withdrawal syndrome. because both gbp and ethanol act on gaba ergic system, the purpose of this study was to evaluate their effec...

Previous studies of the navigational abilities of nonhuman primates have largely been limited to what could be described by a human observer with a pen and paper. Consequently, we have developed a system that uses a pair of cameras to automatically obtain the three-dimensional trajectory of rhesus monkeys performing an outdoor spatial navigation and memory task. The system provides trajectories...

In 2005, our authors discovered grid cells, which are types of neurons that are central to how the brain calculates location and navigation. Since that time, they have worked to learn how grid cells communicate with other types of neurons-place cells, border cells, and head direction cells-to affect spatial awareness, memory, and decision-making. Because the entorhinal cortex, which contains th...

Spatial navigation and memory is considered to be a part of the declarative memory system and it is widely used as an animal model of human declarative memory. However, spatial tests typically involve only static settings, despite the dynamic nature of the real world. Animals, as well as people constantly need to interact with moving objects, other subjects or even with entire moving environmen...

Preface. Imagery, language, and visuo-spatial thinking: E pluribus unum (Robert H. Logie & Michel Denis) Chapter 1. – The generation, maintenance, and transformation of visuo-spatial mental images (David Pearson, Rossana De Beni, & Cesare Cornoldi) Chapter 2. – Individual differences in visuo-spatial working memory (Tomaso Vecchi, Louise H. Phillips, & Cesare Cornoldi) Chapter 3. – Pictures in ...

How do we encode, store, and retrieve new episodic memories, and what are the computations performed by the hippocampus during this process? One system that has been used to model the brain basis of episodic memory in humans is the study of spatial navigation by path integration in rodents. Here I discuss three exciting new findings focused on encoding or replay of spatial sequences in the rat ...

Spatial reasoning is the mental transformation of spatial knowledge. Such transformation is an integral component of everyday cognition, occurring within a variety of domains such as attention, memory and language, and across a variety of tasks, spatial and non-spatial alike. The structure of this chapter is as follows. In Section 1 we discuss the core components of spatial reasoning, including...

Despite extensive research on the role of the rodent medial and lateral entorhinal cortex (MEC/LEC) in spatial navigation, memory and related disease, their human homologues remain elusive. Here, we combine high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T with novel data-driven and model-based analyses to identify corresponding subregions in humans based on the well-known global connecti...

The effects on anatomy and behavior of a ribosomal inactivating protein (saporin) coupled to a monoclonal antibody against the low-affinity NGF receptor (NGFr) were examined. In adult rats, NGFr is expressed predominantly in cholinergic neurons of the medial septal area (MSA), diagonal band nuclei, and nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBM), but also in noncholinergic cerebellar Purkinje cells. ...

We consider geometrical scenes with obstacles and landmarks that can’t necessarily be distinguished and generalize the notion of panoramas (Sch93; Her94), introduced in the qualitative Spatial Reasoning (QSR) approaches to robot navigation. We study various notions of motion strategies in the accessibility graph associated with the local panoramas under uncertain deviations, a natural model of ...