Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains cause diphtheria in humans. The toxigenic C. diphtheriae isolate NCTC13129 produces three distinct heterotrimeric pili that contain SpaA, SpaD, and SpaH, making up the shaft structure. The SpaA pili are known to mediate bacterial adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells. However, to date little is known about the expression of different pili in vari...

With the evolving technology in CMOS integration, new classes of 2D-imaging detectors have recently become available. In particular, single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays allow detection of single photons at high acquisition rates (≥ 100 kfps), which is about two orders of magnitude higher than with currently available cameras. Here we demonstrate the use of a SPAD array for imaging fluor...

The photoelectric effect in a Ge-on-Si single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD) at an ultralow energy incident pulsed laser radiation is considered the frame of classical theory electrodynamics continuous media. It shown that which shared among huge number electrons Ge matrix can concentrate on only one these through constructive interference fields re-emitted by surrounding electrons. Conservat...

A closed system for plant production with artificial light is an innovative method of cultivation. The objective this study was to investigate the effect colour on rooting cuttings and subsequent growth chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum Ramat./Kitam.) During experiments, following conditions were maintained: photoperiod 16 h or 10 h, temperature 22 °C, relative humidity 65–70%. LED la...

Studying the response of winter wheat to post-drought rehydration is conducive understanding efficient utilization water-saving technology, such as regulating deficit irrigation and increasing water use efficiency. The controlled condition experiment in rain shelter was conducted 2020. two stress treatments, including at jointing heading stages, were combined with high nitrogen (N) (250 kg/hm2)...

field experiment was conducted in 2008 at the research field of agricultural college of shiraz university, shiraz, iran to investigate the effects of urban waste compost (uwc), manure and chemical fertilizer on the initial growth of corn (zea mays). experimental design was split plot factorial with three replications. main plots were assigned to nitrogen (n) fertilizer (0 and 200 kg n ha-1), an...

Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays are widely used in many scientific applications for Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) thanks to the high timing resolution and single photon precision [1,2]. However, at high photon rates, such systems suffer from photon pile-up effect [3]. In our recent work [4], we have demonstrated a high throughput (14 Gsamples/s) Time-to-Digital Conv...