In a typical interlingual machine translation (MT) system, the tasks of text planning and content selection are not explicitly performed. Rather, they are assumed to be implicit in the interlingual representation derived in the source language analysis phase. This simplifies the task of target language generation, but greatly restricts the flexibility of the resulting text. Recent MT systems ha...

Attention demands were also addressed in previous work specifically on text entry where, for example, a distinction was drawn between text copy tasks and text creation tasks [7]. In a text copy task, the user’s attention switches between the source text and the interface. Experimentally, the shift poses a problem because the time taken for the gaze shift and for visual and cognitive processing ...

This study tried to find the strategies applied in three English translations of the Battle of Rostam and Esfandiyar. To this aim, the source text (ST) was analyzed verse by verse with each verse being compared with its English translations to determine what procedures the translators had used to render the source text. Subsequently, the frequency of usage for each procedure was measured ...

Since the Bible is regarded as the most important source of Christian iconography and iconography in return is the visual interpretation of the Bible, the relationship between Christian iconography and biblical interpretation is noteworthy. In some cases this relationship is such that the visual representation is actively involved in the interpretation of the biblical text and is...

The present study aimed to investigate the translation into English by Alaeddin Pazargadi of Parvin E’tesami’s poems; in particular, it attempted to analyze the structural elements such as verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, articles, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections in them. Considering the relationship between Linguistics and Translation Studies, the theoretical framewor...

Information extraction is the task of extracting structured data from a degraded document. It includes data extraction such as text, image or graphics from the sources such as an image, video or documents. Text detection and extraction from the degraded document finds application in wide range of study. In this paper, an Optical Character Recognition less (OCR-less) method of obtaining an origi...

The question and the problem of EQUIVALENCE is not simply a formal and linguistic issue, but a cultural, ideological and even “political” one, and the translator has to become a “communicator”, and not simply the bringer of a “linguistic” uni tinto another “linguistic” unti . Basil HATIM and IAN MASON in The Translator as Communicaton (1997) argue that the division of the subject into literary ...

We present a recurrent neural net (RNN) model of text normalization — defined as the mapping of written text to its spoken form, and a description of the open-source dataset that we used in our experiments. We show that while the RNN model achieves very high overall accuracies, there remain errors that would be unacceptable in a speech application like TTS.We then show that a simple FST-based f...