This paper presents results of case investigations of evolvable systems of systems (SoS) in the military domain. The selected SoS cases illustrate examples of specific options implemented by architects in designing SoS that resulted in evolvable SoS. The research aims to further validate the usefulness of design principles for architecting systems that possess desirable lifecycle properties suc...

Vegetation phenology in temperate grasslands is highly sensitive to climate change. However, it is still unclear how the timing of vegetation phenology events (especially for autumn phenology) is altered in response to climate change across different grassland types. In this study, we investigated variations of the growing season start (SOS) and end (EOS), derived from Moderate Resolution Imagi...

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of speed of sound (SOS) measured at the phalanges to estimate simulated wrist fracture load and stress. SOS was measured along the proximal phalanges of the second, third and fourth fingers using an ultrasound (US) system operating in axial transmission mode. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the radius and the phalanges was also measured with quantitati...

We describe the further properties of a protein, designated SOS gp140, wherein the association of the gp120 and gp41 subunits of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein is stabilized by an intersubunit disulfide bond. HIV-1(JR-FL) SOS gp140, proteolytically uncleaved gp140 (gp140(UNC)), and gp120 were expressed in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells and ...

Plant phenology is one of the key regulators ecosystem processes, which are sensitive to environmental change. The acceleration urbanization in recent years has produced substantial impacts on vegetation over urban areas, such as local warming induced by heat island effect. However, quantitative contributions difference land surface temperature (LST) between and rural (?LST) other factors sprin...

Singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) produced during inflammatory reactions and during photodynamic therapy deactivates by producing in tissues secondary reactive oxygen species and peroxides (SOS) as well as other degradation products. We investigated the influence of animal species on SOS production secondary to standardized (1)O(2) production by performing in vitro experiments with rose bengal as the (1...

OBJECTIVES Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and sudden sleep onset (SOS) episodes are frequent in Parkinson׳s disease (PD). The objectives are to identify clinical characteristics and factors associated with EDS and SOS episodes. METHODS Clinical demographic data were recorded (N=100, mean age=65.0±10.4). EDS was identified by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS>10) and SOS episodes were regi...

Rat sarcoma (RAS) proteins are signaling nodes that transduce extracellular cues into precise alterations in cellular physiology by engaging effector pathways. RAS signaling thus regulates diverse cell processes including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. Owing to this central role in governing mitogenic signals, RAS pathway components are often dysregulated in human dise...

phatases and other players in signal transduction relocate to membranes, cytoskeletal structures, scaffolding proteins or organelles1–3. Here we take receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling as our main example (Fig. 1). Stimulation of RTKs is linked to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades through a cytoplasmic protein Sos (a homologue of the Drosophila melanogast...

In nature, no single plant completes its life cycle without encountering environmental stress. When plant cells surpass stress threshold stimuli, chemically reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated that can cause oxidative damage or act as signals. Plants have developed numerous ROS-scavenging systems to minimize the cytotoxic effects of ROS. The role of sucrosyl oligosaccharides (SOS), incl...