The method for analyzing algorithmic runtime complexity using decision trees is discussed using the sorting algorithm. This method is then extended to optimal algorithms which may find all cliques of size q in network N, or simply the first clique of size q in network N. Finally, the lower bound of such decision trees is demonstrated to not be in P.

The structure of curriculum plays a vital role in our learning process, both as children and adults. Presenting material in ascending order of difficulty that also exploits prior knowledge can have a significant impact on the rate of learning. However, the notion of difficulty and prior knowledge differs from person to person. Motivated by the need for a personalised curriculum, we present a no...

We study the effect of inhibition of cell-membrane ruffling on cell sorting in experiments and simulations. We use aggregates of neural retinal and pigmented retinal cells obtained from chicken embryos and inhibit membrane ruffling by adding the drug cytochalasin B to the culture medium. Simulations using the large-Q Potts model with differential adhesivity, with the simulation temperature cont...

The study of genomic inversions (or reversals) has been a mainstay of computational genomics for nearly 20 years. After the initial breakthrough of Hannenhalli and Pevzner, who gave the first polynomial-time algorithm for sorting signed permutations by inversions, improved algorithms have been designed, culminating with an optimal linear-time algorithm for computing the inversion distance and a...

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins play key roles in membrane fusion, but their sorting to specific membranes is poorly understood. Moreover, individual SNARE proteins can function in multiple membrane fusion events dependent upon their trafficking itinerary. Synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP25) is a plasma membrane Q (containing ...

Reminding children to think about alternatives is a strategy adults often use to promote children's cognitive flexibility, as well as children's engagement in and enjoyment of the task. The current study investigated whether the impacts of reminders on kindergarten children's cognitive flexibility, intrinsic motivation, and mood are moderated by who provides the reminders. Eighty-three healthy ...

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Counting and separating hematopoietic stem cells from different sources has importance for research and clinical assays. Our aims here were to characterize and quantify hematopoietic cell populations in marrow donors and to evaluate CD34 expression and relate this to engraftment. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study on hematopoietic stem cell assays, using flow cytom...