Wildfires contribute significantly to global soot emissions, yet their aerosol formation mechanisms and resulting particle properties are poorly understood and parameterized in climate models. The conventional view holds that soot is formed via the cluster-dilute aggregation mechanism in wildfires and emitted as aggregates with fractal dimension Df ≈ 1.8 mobility diameter Dm ≤ 1 μm, and aerodyn...

Experimental observations of the combustion of sooting fuel droplets, performed in a drop tower to create a low gravity environment, are reported. Free n-heptane droplets and suspended droplets of heptane. monochloroalkanes. and mixtures of monochloro-octane and heptane were studied. Initial droplet diameters ranged from 0.4 to I. 1 mm. The results suggest that soot may influence droplet vapori...

The combustion of JP8 (a kerosene-based fuel) mixed with up to 20% (volume) tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether (TPGME, CH3[CH2CH(CH3)O]3OH) is studied to examine the influence of composition on soot dynamics for the configuration of an isolated and stationary droplet burning with nearly spherical symmetry. The spherical droplet flame is characterized by a one-dimensional transport process wit...

To clarify the impact of fossil fuel combustion particles' composition on their capacity to take up water, we apply a laboratory approach in which the method of deposition of compounds, identified in the particulate coverage of diesel and aircraft engine soot particles, is developed. It is found that near-monolayer organic/inorganic coverage of the soot particles may be represented by three gro...

The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides a number of particulate matter (PM) standard reference materials (SRM) for use in environmental and toxicological methodology and research. We present here the first analysis with respect to the molecular structure of the carbon in three such NIST SRM samples, i.e., diesel engine exhaust soot from heavy duty equipment engin...

We report the first mass-specific absorption and extinction cross sections for size- and mass-selected laboratory-generated soot aerosol. Measurement biases associated with aerosols possessing multiple charges were eliminated using mass selection to isolate singly charged particles for a specified electrical mobility diameter. Aerosol absorption and extinction coefficients were measured using p...

Introduction Soot particles and NOx are the main pollutants from diesel engines. Good alternatives to abate these contaminants are the use of catalytic filters, which burn the soot particles, and NOx traps which adsorb the NOx during normal operation and released them during reduction cycles [1]. We recently studied BaK/CeO2 catalysts for this application[2]. Barium plays the role of NOx adsorb...

a computational optimization was performed for a direct-injection diesel engine using three-dimensional modeling. fully transient cfd analyses of different valve profile strategies for the intake and compression strokes were performed to evaluate the effects on both engine performance and in-cylinder flow-field evolution. the turbulence model was used along with the second order linear upwind s...

We find evidence that black soot aerosols deposited on Tibetan glaciers have been a significant contributing factor to observed rapid glacier retreat. Reduced black soot emissions, in addition to reduced greenhouse gases, may be required to avoid demise of Himalayan glaciers and retain the benefits of glaciers for seasonal fresh water supplies.

Recently, some authors have suggested that the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) can be used to deduce the component aerosol absorption optical depths (AAODs) of carbonaceous aerosols in the AERONET database. This AAE approach presumes that AAE 1 for soot carbon, which contrasts the traditional small particle limit of AAE= 1 for soot carbon. Thus, we provide an overview of the AERONET retrieva...