development and optimisation of fast, efficient, quantitative, economic and environmentally friendly analytical extraction techniques for the extraction clean up, and pre-concentration in the quantification of 16 usepa priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in contaminated soils have been carried out. three different extraction methods (soxhlet, ultra sonication and mechanical shaking...

the phenolic compounds of pomegranate (punica granatum l.) peel extracted by two methods (solvent and ultrasound-assisted) with five solvents (acetone, methanol, ethanol, water and ethyl acetate) were compared with supercritical fluid extraction (sfe). the total phenolic compounds were determined according to the folin-ciocalteu reagent using tannic acid as standard. the overall results showed ...

Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction of HAuCl4 inside the pores of a polycarbonate-based membrane followed by dissolving the membrane in dichloromethane and further sonication. Sonication time as the main affecting factor on the nanoparticle size was investigated. The characterization by transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of gold nanoparticles with diamet...

The nanoscale semiconductor β‐mercuric sulphide (HgS) has promising applications in electronic and optical fields. Continued development of synthesis methods is needed to expand approaches that produce uniform particles, while avoiding reagents of high toxicity and ecological impact. A solvent‐based approach was developed using mercuric chloride and elemental su...

Kinetics of the neutral hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl chloroacetate was investigated in water and in the presence of 1 mol % of ethanol, propanol, and -butyl n alcohol without sonication and under ultrasound at 25 kHz. Similarly, the kinetics of the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of -propyl n acetate in ethanol–water binary solutions was investigated without sonication and under ultrasound at 22 kHz. ...

Aqueous suspensions of length selected single-walled carbon nanotubes were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in order to probe the influence of sonication on nanotube scission. The maximum of the tube length distribution, lM, initially exhibits a power law dependence on the sonication time, t - roughly as lM approximately t(-0.5). This and the limiting behavior observed at longer times c...

The effect of 20 kHz ultrasound on the viability of Cryptosporidium oocysts was investigated. More than 90% of the dispersed Cryptosporidium oocysts could be deactivated in about 1.5 min of continuous sonication. In order to apply this technique to large quantities of contaminated water, quantitative filtration and redispersion of Cryptosporidium oocysts were investigated and found to be easily...

Sonication with nucleic acids has become a standard method for obtaining aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes. On the basis of theoretical studies and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) imaging a widely accepted model for DNA association with SWCNT is one in which the DNA binds through non-covalent p-stacking and hydrophobic interactions. Following the standard procedures established by others ...

Oxidation of Cr(III) during sonication in carbonated aqueous solutions saturated with CCl4 leads to the quantitative formation of Cr(VI) and provides a simple and rapid method for spectrophotometric chromium determination with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide. The key to this method is the production of chlorine radicals when aqueous solution saturated with CCl4 is exposed to ultrasonic waves of 40 kHz. T...

The Food Technology group of the University of Zaragoza has investigated the effect of ultrasound and its combination with other factors on the microbial inactivation since the early 90’s. Our group designed an equipment that allows to apply ultrasound under pressure treatments at sublethal (Mano-Sonication; MS), and at lethal temperatures (Mano-Thermo-Sonication; MTS) to liquid products. The i...