BACKGROUND Characterization of mechanisms that can reverse residual damage from prior skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) would be of considerable biological and therapeutic interest. Topical caffeine application to mouse skin that had previously been treated with UV has been shown to inhibit the subsequent development of squamous cell carcinomas. OBJECTIVES We used an established mouse photoda...

Sunscreens rely on multiple compounds to provide effective and safe protection against UV radiation. UV filters in sunscreens, in particular, provide broadband UV protection but are heavily linked to adverse health effects due to the generation of carcinogenic skin-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon solar irradiation. Herein, we demonstrate significant reduction in the ROS concentratio...

We carried out experiments during an expedition (14 August to 14 September, 2007) that covered up to 250,000 km(2) to investigate the effects of solar UV radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) on the photosynthetic carbon fixation of tropical phytoplankton assemblages in surface seawater of the South China Sea. From coastal to pelagic surface seawaters, UV-B (280-315 nm) caused similar inhibition, while U...

LYRA, the Lyman-α radiometer, is a high–cadence (100 Hz) solar VUV radiometer which will measure disk–integrated irradiances in 4 wavelength channels. Special emphasis is given on novel detectors based on diamond which will be tested for the first time in space. Two kinds of detectors are employed: MSM– and PiN–type detectors. Their particular advantage compared to silicon detectors lies in the...

Solar UVB radiation (280-320 nm) is an initiator of Vitamin D3 production in the human skin. While numerous studies have been conducted in relation to the biological impact of UV exposure in full sun, less research has investigated the irradiances in shade. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of UV radiation in relation to Vitamin D3 induction with six commonly encountered sha...

Number of Papers published in peer-reviewed journals: Final Report: Performance Limits of Non-Line-of-Sight Optical Communications Report Title Solar blind ultraviolet (UV) communication technology holds the promise of superior non-line-of-sight (NLOS) link connectivity through atmospheric scattering, and significantly relaxed tracking and pointing requirements. During the last Project, the res...

Tierra del Fuego, Argentina (551S), receives increased solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) as a result of Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion. We conducted a field study to examine direct and indirect effects of solar UV-B radiation on decomposition of Gunnera magellanica, a native perennial herb, and on the native community of decomposer organisms. In general, indirect effects of UV-B mos...

new selective coating materials are developed and used in advanced solar collector and absorber designs with improved efficiency. cobalt and copper sulfides nanoparticles are high interest for absorbers of solar thermal collectors due to their optical properties and high absorptance in the solar wavelength range (> 96%). in the present work, cobalt and copper sulfides nanoparticles were synthes...

The variations of stratospheric ozone and UVB observed at ground were compared with those solar indices. During sequences 27-day oscillations, X-ray had very large amplitudes (exceeding 50%), EUV near 30 nm ~20%, Lyman alpha 121.6 ~10%, Mg II 280 ~5%, continua 180-210 ~2%, 210-240 ~1.5%, 240-300 ~1%, 300-350 ~0.5%. There distinct peaks seen in all these, spacing roughly about 27 days. For effec...

The study of the Solar System is fundamental to answer key questions from space agencies, as outlined in their strategic plans, about content, origin, and evolution potential for life elsewhere. UV spectral range a crucial window investigate large area phenomena associated with this objective, ranging surfaces atmospheres magnetospheres bodies. In White Paper, submitted ESA response Voyage 2050...