Abstract An important step in today’s modern precision crop production systems is the development of an irrigation system for arable lands. Most these only examine top, 10 cm layer soil. The problem that root crops also penetrates and grows into deeper layers while absorbing water. For this reason, there a need cost-effective solution to quantify amount water up 1 meter depth. Sentek EnviroSCAN...

Permafrost stores approximately 50% of global soil carbon (C) in a frozen form; it is thawing rapidly under climate change, and little is known about viral communities in these soils or their roles in C cycling. In permafrost soils, microorganisms contribute significantly to C cycling, and characterizing them has recently been shown to improve prediction of ecosystem function. In other ecosyste...

The elevational patterns of diversity for plants and animals have been well established over the past century. However, it is unclear whether there is a general elevational distribution pattern for microbes. Changbai Mountain is one of few well conserved natural ecosystems, where the vertical distribution of vegetation is known to mirror the vegetation horizontal zonation from temperate to frig...

Increasing urbanisation and industrialisation have led to a dramatic reduction in forest area, and now only culturally protected remnants of natural forests and some new plantations remain in most areas of the north of Iran. To investigate the status of the chemical and physical characteristics of soil under these remnant forests and assess the possible impacts of reforestation on soil properti...

abstract to study the effects of four types of mulches including wood chips, municipal compost, sawdust and gravel in three different thicknesses on growth of platanus orientalis during two years, an experiment was conducted in mashhad area with semi-arid climate. the research was conducted as split plot based on a completely randomized block design with four replications. treatments included c...