Following previous measurements [1], more detailed preliminary ground motion measurements have been performed at the LNF site for the Super B project site characterization [2]. First, results of vertical ground motion measurements done during 18 hours are shown in order to get an idea of the evolution of the ground motion amplitude with time. Secondly, measurements of ground motion (in the 3 di...

Soft storey building is popular due to the functional and aesthetic purpose, despite its weakness in resisting seismic excitation. Nonlinear Static (Pushover) Analysis (POA) is a time saving and simple assessment procedure prosposed in Eurocode 8 (EC8). However, its reliability in designing structure still remains a question. At the first stage, seismic performance of several building models us...

We derive new duality relations that link the energy of configurations associated with a class of soft pair potentials to the corresponding energy of the dual (Fourier-transformed) potential. We apply them by showing how information about the classical ground states of short-ranged potentials can be used to draw new conclusions about the nature of the ground states of long-ranged potentials and...

We show that classical many-particle systems interacting with certain soft pair interactions in two dimensions exhibit novel low-temperature behaviors. Ground states span from disordered to crystalline. At some densities, a large fraction of normal-mode frequencies vanish. Lattice ground-state configurations have more vanishing frequencies than disordered ground states at the same density and e...

among various practical measures used for restriction of the ground surface settlement in such tunnels driven in soft ground, selection of an appropriate excavation method plays a significant role. in this paper, employing suggested diagram by yu & chern, corresponding values of niayesh tunnel has been inserted into the diagram. later, two excavation methods namely: central diaphragm and si...

A noticeable feature of many earthquake-prone cities such as Kobe (Japan), Izmit (Turkey), Nice (France), Mexico City, Los Angeles etc., is that they are partially or wholly built on soft soil. A straightforward 1D analysis (which takes no account of the presence of the buildings) shows that the soft layer increases the seismic vulnerability of the city in that it is responsible for amplificati...

This paper presents a review of combined vacuum consolidation and surcharge preloading which is arguably more sustainable approach to soft-soil ground improvement than other strategies in reducing post-construction settlements. Vacuum consolidation has become more prevalent with technological developments in vertical drains, pumps and geosynthetics. Satisfactory vacuum pressures can be sustaine...