Background: The results of the studies on the effects of sodium on bone metabolism have been inconsistent. There is no definitive answer to the question of whether sodium restriction can be associated with a lower incidence of osteoporosis. What reinforces the necessity of designing this study is the lack of findings with the approach of examining the effects of sodium on bone in our country. ...

in this research, kinetics of carbothermic reduction of molybdenite in the presence of different amounts of sodium carbonate has been studied. mixed powders consisting of molybdenite, graphite and sodium carbonate with three mole-ratios of 1:4:2,1:4:3 and 1:4:4 were mechanically activated for 40 hours. the results of x-ray diffraction on activated samples showed that no reaction occurrs in diff...

two experiments were conducted to evaluate the different levels of selenium supplements on performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in mehraban male lambs. the first experiment consisted of 18 lambs, 4-5 months of age and 35.9±2.7 kg average in weight randomly allotted to 3 treatments. treatments were: 1) control diet (a diet without selenium, containing 0.06 ppm of selenium), ...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently occurs in the setting of critical illness and its management poses a challenge for the intensivist. Optimal management of volume status is critical in the setting of AKI in the ICU patient. The use of urine sodium, the fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa), and the fractional excretion of urea (FeUrea) are common clinical tools used to help guide fluid manag...

genesis of ischemia and reperfusion injury in the myocardium. Recent studies have suggested that a massive Ca influx may occur as a consequence of Na –Ca exchange via the sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX) during reperfusion which, in turn, may be caused by an accumulation of Na via the sodium–hydrogen exchanger (NHE) during ischemia. This results in an intracellular Ca overload, the detrimental ef...

At the commencement of the Peru Burn Project (1) in 1951, great apprehension was aroused in many by the use of large quantities of isotonic saline solutions 6 in the treatment of burned patients, for it was believed that such therapy in individuals retaining sodium due to the stress reaction would overload the circulation and lead to death in pulmonary edema. The reason for this fear was based ...

Pathological enhancement of late Na(+) current (INa) can potentially modify intracellular ion homeostasis and contribute to cardiac dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that modulation of late INa can be a source of intracellular Na(+) ([Na(+)]i) overload. Late INa was enhanced by exposing rabbit ventricular myocytes to Anemonia sulcata toxin II (ATX-II) and measured using whole cell patch-cla...