The first documentations of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as a syndrome were made in the early 1940s, in parallel by a psychiatrist and a pediatrician in different countries. Leo Kanner (1943) described 11 children with social aloofness, insistence on sameness, and language delays or oddities. At about the same time, Hans Asperger (1944) described 4 children whom he called ‘little professors’...

background trichoepithelioma is a rare benign skin lesion that originates from hair follicles. trichoepitheliomas are mostly seen in the scalp, nose, forehead, and upper lip. methods we present a large family of iranian origin with 15 individuals affected with multiple familial trichoepithelioma in four generations, and treated with three different methods. results trichoepithelioma is histolog...

technology has had many influences on the iranian society in different eras. today, information and telecommunication technologies have revolutionized the basic structures of society and a new network society has been propagated inside the traditional and semi-modern context. in countries like iran, which are in the process of modernization, a chaos deriving from the transition period is observ...

日本学術会議は、令和2年7月3日に提言「感染症の予防と制御を目指した常置組織の創設について」を公表し、この提言で検討した感染症対策におけるICT基盤整備に関してさらなる検討を加え、令和2年9月15日に二つ目の提言「感染症対策と社会変革に向けたICT基盤強化とデジタル変革の推進」を公表している。この提言では、新型コロナウイルス感染症の流行とその対策過程で露呈した様々なICT基盤やデジタル変革に関する課題を「医療システムのデジタル変革」、「社会生活のデジタル変革」、「サイバーセキュリティとプライバシー保護」の三つの観点で整理し、その解決のための提言を行っている。本特集号ではこの提言を「社会変革」と「感染症対策」の二つにテーマに分類し、本稿では「社会変革」に関連する提言の内容を概説している。

In Canada, IWRM has evolved from comprehensive river basin management in the 1940s, as an explicit way to integrate economic, social and environmental considerations, to incorporate the perspectives of stakeholders. IWRM is also designed to overcome ‘edge’ effects (overlap of responsibility and authority between two or more public agencies) as well as vertical and horizontal fragmentation. In t...

Health Centers appeared in the United States around 1910. They provided social assistance in conjunction with some type of medical care. Their original separation between preventive and curative medicine was superseded by the concept of whole health in the 1940s, when Health Center discourse became part of medical education. In the 1960s, the notion of community medicine arose out of the war on...