The World Social Forum is an open space-movement that contrasts with the formalist self referred political system of representative democracy and inter-State relations. Its banners, decision-making practices and political culture question the social and political orders of global governance that have traditionally been presented as balanced structures aiming at a predictable and universal mater...

the economic situation in the arab countries is due to several factors as the political crisis in a socio-economic vulnerability. political changes are usually accompanied by a drop in production, a deterioration of macroeconomic balances, a high level of poverty, an appearance of economic corruptions and a structural increase in unemployment. in addition, the expansion of terrorism is a main i...

freedom is one of the greatest and highest human values and of necessities of life and evolution that all nations have wanted its realization. the word freedom dates back to human history and it has found criterion and rate through indicators such as truth-seeking, justice and human's existential growth and defines its own limits and is manifested in literature of different nations in vari...

Recently, the call to combine land change science (LCS) and political ecology (PE) in the study of human-environment interactions has been widely discussed by scientists from both subfields of geography. In this paper, we use a hybrid ecology framework to examine the effects of conservation policies on the environment and the livelihood of the people of the Korup National Park (KNP). Using tech...

Background: The existence of moral challenges resulting from political, social and economic crises is an inevitable issue of any society and government. Challenges are not urgent, they gradually turn into crises, and can ultimately pose a serious threat to the sovereignty. The Qajar government was in such a situation, especially after the Constitutional Revolution. Political crises and its inte...

This paper examines how the expansion of online social media affects offline civic and political mobilization. Based on individual web survey data on participation in demonstrations and on social media use in Norway, we ask whether social media transform individual level and structural level conditions for mobilization. Our results show that social media impacts on individual agency in relation...

the counseling system is the one of the basis on which all social and political affairs are presented and investigated through public and political consultation in the form of discussions and free conversations. in the counseling system, it is the public wisdom and agreement that leads to the selection and determination of rulers, social and political constructs and institutions, codifying and ...