Background: Some recommendations and health protocols were presented for controlling COVID-19 after the outbreak such as the use of face masks, observing social distance, closure of schools, and etc. Despite these protocols, we witnessed different peaks and variants of COVID-19 during more than two years.This study investigated some risky behaviors such as not wearing face masks, violating soci...

BACKGROUND Around the globe, school closures were used sporadically to mitigate the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. However, such closures can detrimentally impact economic and social life. METHODS Here, we couple a decision analytic approach with a mathematical model of influenza transmission to estimate the impact of school closures in terms of epidemiological and cost effectiveness. Our meth...

BACKGROUND We performed an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of pandemic intervention strategies using a detailed, individual-based simulation model of a community in Australia together with health outcome data of infected individuals gathered during 2009-2010. The aim was to examine the cost-effectiveness of a range of interventions to determine the most cost-effective strategies suitable for...

in this paper, by presenting some notions and theorems, we obtaindifferent types of fuzzy topologies. in fact, we obtain somelowen-type  and chang-type fuzzy topologies on general fuzzyautomata. to this end, first we define a kuratowski fuzzy interioroperator which induces a  lowen-type  fuzzy topology on the  set ofstates of a max- min general   fuzzy automaton. also by  provingsome theorems, ...

An L-fuzzifying matroid is a pair (E, I), where I is a map from2E to L satisfying three axioms. In this paper, the notion of closure operatorsin matroid theory is generalized to an L-fuzzy setting and called L-fuzzifyingclosure operators. It is proved that there exists a one-to-one correspondencebetween L-fuzzifying matroids and their L-fuzzifying closure operators.

Introduction: antimicrobial activity of irrigants and interappointment intracanal dressing is an important consideration in endodontics . The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of chemomechanical preparation of the necrotic canals with different irrigants and intra canal dressing in the control of root canal infection and sinus tract closure. Materials &Methods: In this ...

The present paper extends social capital theory by exploring the creation of social capital in a highly innovative, yet under-researched organizational form: online communities. It is shown that social capital development has thus far not been sufficiently theorized and research on how social capital may be created in online communities is missing altogether. Attempting to fill this gap, I draw...

We study the dual roles of the stability of an individual’s social network and social contagion on individual behavior in the mobile Internet setting. We use a panel dataset containing all mobile records for a sample of 3G mobile subscribers. Our data includes information about their frequency of mobile Internet usage, and their communication patterns across voice calls and messages, which allo...

In the randomized clinical trial 200 pregnant women reffred to Niknafs maternity center from November 1997 to May 1998 were divided into two groups and underwent cesarean section.in the first group (control) the parietal and visceral peritoneum were approximated with delayed absorbable material whereas in the second group (case) the parietal and visceral peritoneum were left open.the mean age o...

background: closure of patent ductus arteriosus (pda), ventricular septal defect (vsd) and atrial septal defect (asd) can be done surgically or by device. this study was designed to compare the total cost of surgical or device closures of pda, asd or vsd for iranian patients. methods: this is a cross-sectional study, conducted from january 1, 2005 until january 1, 2006 in two large heart center...