Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This memo defines a Management I...

Our knowledge of mechanisms responsible for both the development and the maintenance of hypertension remains incomplete in the Goldblatt (two-kidney, one-clip; 2K1C) model. We tested the hypothesis that elevated sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) occurs before the onset of hypertension in 2K1C rats, considering the time course of the increase in SNA in relationship to the onset of the hypertensio...

Although oxidative redox signaling affects arterial pressure (AP) regulation via modulation of vascular tone and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), it remains unknown which effect plays a dominant role in the determination of AP in vivo. Open-loop systems analysis of the carotid sinus baroreflex was conducted to separately quantify characteristics of the neural arc from baroreceptor pressure inp...

BACKGROUND The effect of angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) inhibition on the pattern of reflex sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to multiple target organs in the Lewis polycystic kidney (LPK) rat model of chronic kidney disease was determined. METHODS Mean arterial pressure (MAP), splanchnic SNA (sSNA), renal SNA (rSNA) and lumbar SNA (lSNA) were recorded in urethane-anaesthetized LPK and ...

HE increased integration of the world’s monetary, fiscal, and trade policies has led to a growing need for the international harmonization of economic statistics. Accordingly, the System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA) was developed by the international community in order to facilitate international comparisons of national economic statistics and to serve as a guide for countries as they develo...

Previous studies have suggested that intravenous infusion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) inhibits sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in rabbits by its action at the brainstem. This study aimed to determine, first, whether this action of AVP depended on functioning baroreflex mechanisms. The second aim was to determine the role of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in mediating this action of AVP....

The significance of temporal changes in the topology of organizational communication networks during a crisis is studied using static and dynamic social network analysis (SNA). In static SNA, the network of interactions made during an entire data collection period is studied. For dynamic SNA, shorter segments of network data are used in the analysis. Using measures of degree centrality and core...

The radial distribution of monovalent cations surrounding spherical nucleic acid-Au nanoparticle conjugates (SNA-AuNPs) is determined by in situ small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and classical density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Small differences in SAXS intensity profiles from SNA-AuNPs dispersed in a series of solutions containing different monovalent ions (Na(+), K(+), Rb(+), or ...

Microneurographic measurements of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) have suggested that, during static exercise, central command is much less important than skeletal muscle afferents in causing sympathetic neural activation. The possibility remains, however, that the sympathetic discharge produced by central command is targeted mainly to tissues other than skeletal muscle. To examine this...

Web 2.0 provides new and valuable tools to the world of medicine, and Social Network Analysis (SNA) can provide insight into how these communication networks function. This paper explores the potential for SNA methods to explain the communication patterns in the Pediatric Pain Mailing List, including identifying content experts and isolating potential subgroups of interest. These results are in...