A listing of current boiler and smut collector installations is given illustrating the reduction from 59 to 19 boilers without smut collectors. Maximum boiler size has increased from 57 to 147 th-l. lrrigated perforated plate type scrubbers have been the most numerous units installed but some dry multi-cyclone collectors have also been used. Smuts dewatering systems are examined, some problem a...

Abstract Healthy seeds play an important role in growing a healthy crop. Seed health testing is performed by detecting the presence or absence of insect infestation and seed-borne diseases caused fungi, bacteria, viruses. The most detrimental effect pathogens contamination previously disease-free areas spread new diseases. Sowing contaminated infected not only spreads but can also reduce yields...

A new species of Tilletia, T. rostrariae Vánky & Ershad on Rostraria cristata is described and illustrated from Iran. It is compared with T. salzmannii, on the closely related Koeleria, and with the polyphagous T. bromi.

Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a newly identified post-translational modification (PTM) that plays important roles in transcription and cell proliferation eukaryotes. However, its function remains unknown phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we performed comprehensive assessment of Khib the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic...