BACKGROUND The accurate diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an important component of any tuberculosis control programme and depends largely on tuberculin skin testing. The appropriate interpretation of skin test results requires knowledge of the possible confounding factors such as previous BCG vaccination. Uncertainty about the effect of BCG vaccination on tuberculin skin tes...

The musculoskeletal extrapulmonary tuberculosis is uncommon, the upper extremity tuberculosis is not common and the mycobacterial involvement of skin of hands and synovial sheath of tendons is rare. This prospective observational study was undertaken between August 2014 and December 2015 in a tertiary referral hospital. Patients attending with suspected primary tuberculosis of soft tissue of th...

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test with purified derivative (PPD) antigen is still used in many countries including Thailand. However, it is less specificity due to significant cross-reactivity with non-tuberculosis mycobacteria. Antigen such as early secretory antigenic target (ESAT6) is secreted in the early phase of infection an...

Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease of animals and humans caused by Mycobacterium bovis. In a large number of countries bovine tuberculosis is a major infectious disease among cattle and other domesticated animals. M. bovis can infect humans, primarily by the ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products but also in aerosols and through breaks in the skin. Raw or undercooked meat can...

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered a pulmonary disease that can however disseminate to other organs through hematogenous dissemination following primary TB infection. Evolution of the disease can either be precocious, before healing of the primary infection, or late after primary infection, due to reactivation of initial lesions usually because of simultaneous immunosuppressive factors such as dia...

Abstract Background Both tonsillar tuberculosis and lichen scrofulosorum are sporadic presentations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Lichen commonly presents in children young adults as lichenoid eruptions over the skin. Granulomatous inflammation tonsils, however, non-specific sore throat foreign body sensation throat. The concomitant presentation abovementioned tubercular manifestations has no...

UNLABELLED Chronic immunosuppression is a known risk factor for tuberculosis. Our aim was to reach a consensus on screening and prevention of tuberculosis in patients with immune mediated inflammatory diseases candidates to biologic therapy. METHODS Critical appraisal of the literature and expert opinion on immunosuppressive therapies and risk of tuberculosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The cur...

Primary lid tuberculosis after lid surgery is a very rare condition and is likely caused by the introduction of bacilli through epithelial injury. Secondary infection, due to direct hematogenous spread or contiguous spread from adjacent structures are more common presentations of lid tuberculosis. The authors experienced a case of primary lid tuberculosis occurring in a 19 year old female after...

BACKGROUND Miliary tuberculosis occurs as a result of hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacerium tuberculosis. This can occur due to progressive primary infection, reactivation of latent focus with subsequent spread, or rarely via iatrogenic origin. CASE PRESENTATION This is a case of 21 year-old woman presented with hydronephrosis and hematuria due to unrecognized renal tuberculosis. She und...

BACKGROUND Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis remains an important public health problem. We created an in vivo air sampling model to study airborne transmission of tuberculosis from patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to evaluate environmental control measures. METHODS An animal facility was built above a mechanically ventilated HIV-tuberculosis ward in Lima,...