Bee venom (BV) has long been used as a traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to formulate a BV emulsion with good rheological properties for dermal application and investigate the effect of formulation on the permeation of melittin through dermatomed rat skin. A formulated emulsion containing 1% (w/v) BV was prepared. The emulsion was compared with distilled water (DW) and 25% ...

Sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) is an ideal drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. However, high plasma concentration of systemically administered SH can release histamine, which can cause rash and gastrointestinal side effects. Topical delivery can increase SH concentration in the synovial fluid without high plasma level, thus minimizing systemic side effects. However...

The influence of skin permeation enhancers, such as dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and 1-[2-(decylthio)ethyl]azacyclopentan-2-one (HPE-101), Labrafac CC, Labrafil, Labrasol and Transcutol in a concentration of 10% (wt./wt.) on the formation of porphyrins in normal mouse skin from topical application of creams with methyl 5-aminolevulinate (MAL) was studied. The concentration of porphyrins in the mo...

topical and transdermal drug delivery systems are noninvasive and can be self-administered with the minimization of side-effects, have received increased attention during the past few years. nanoemulsions, emulsions sized between 20-200 nm with narrow distributions, offer several advantages for topical and transdermal delivery of pharmaceutical agents including controlled droplet size, the abil...

The purpose of this research was to develop a matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system containing drug Diclofenac acid, Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA) like acrylic adhesive by the solvent evaporation technique. Different concentrations of Labrasol, oleic acid and triacetin were used to enhance the transdermal permeation of diclofenac acid. Polyethylene monolayer film as a backing membrane ...

Kankkunen, T., 2002. Controlled transdermal drug delivery by iontophoresis and ionexchange fiber. Dissertationes Biocentri Viikki Universitatis Helsingiensis 17/2002, pp. 57 ISBN 952-10-0313-8 (print) ISBN 952-10-0314-6 (pdf) ISSN 1239-9469 A common aim in the development of new transdermal devices is the controlled delivery of drugs, so that the rate of drug input into the blood stream is pred...

Alcoholic preparations of Arnica montana are widely used for the topical treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are mainly responsible for their anti-inflammatory activity. Here we have studied the penetration kinetics of Arnica tinctures prepared from dried Arnica flowers originating from different chemotypes as well as of their respective dominating SLs, hele...

The effect of camellia oil on the permeation of flurbiprofen (FP) and diclofenac sodium (DFS), used as model drugs, through rat and pig skin was examined. Two different types of camellia oil were used: one of them was purified by distillation and the other was purified by filtration without heating. The distilled camellia oil (DCO) and the filtered camellia oil (FCO) were applied to the skin as...