Contralateral turning was produced by unilateral injection of carbachol (0.5, 2.5, 5 micrograms) into the nucleus accumbens, but not into the dorsal or ventral striatum. This behaviour was inhibited by muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor blockade in the nucleus accumbens, and less effectively by blockade of muscarinic M2 and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Unilateral injection of a mixture ...

Dopaminergic mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of aldosterone secretion in humans and in the rat. Whether these effects are indirect or are exerted directly at the adrenal level has not yet been resolved. We now report the identification of dopaminergic binding sites in the bovine adrenal zone glomerulosa using [3H]spiperone, a butyrophenone with high affinity for D2 dopamine recepto...

Organic mercury (CH3HgCl) with metal concentration 5 ppm in tap water was applied to rats suckling their newborn for the first 21 days of life. A second group of young rats took the mercury in their tap water 5 ppm from the 22nd to the 43rd day of postnatal life. Control rats drank tap water only. In 2-month-old male rats the following behavioral study was performed after saline or specific cen...

Objectives: The antiparkinsonian effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) antagonists remain controversial. To determine the effects of NR2B antagonist on Parkinson's disease (PD), the effect of a single administration of D1R agonist SKF38393 (SKF) and NR2B antagonist ifenprodil or co-administration of ifenprodil and SKF were investigated using the cylinder test. Materia...

introduction: dopamine plays an important role in the central nervous system for modulating food intake. dopamine receptors are distributed within the hypothalamus, and expression of d1 receptors is significant in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (pvn). therefore, the aim of this study was to find if pvn-microinjected skf38393, d1 receptor agonist, may modulate food intake. methods: guide c...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE SKF96365 (SKF), originally identified as a blocker of receptor-mediated calcium entry, is widely used diagnostically, as a blocker of transient receptor potential canonical type (TRPC) channels. While SKF has been used as a tool to define the functional roles of TRPC channels in various cell and tissue types, there are notable overlapping physiological and pathophysiologi...

In the present study, interactions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists with water swimming stress (WSS) on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice were examined. Mice were rendered dependent as described in the methods section. The opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1 mg/kg), was injected to elicit jumping (as a withdrawal sign). The first group exposed to WSS in the pr...

Inspired by the estimation capability of Kalman filter, we have recently introduced a novel population-based optimization algorithm called simulated Kalman filter (SKF). Every agent in SKF is regarded as a Kalman filter. Based on the mechanism of Kalman filtering, which includes prediction, measurement, and estimation, the global minimum/maximum can be estimated. Measurement process, which is r...

Multiple stressors are intertwined with work, school and living conditions. Finding reasonable strategy to cope up with stresses has become an important issue to the current society. Although an inspiring idea, first proposed by Cassel, suggested that the positive social support could alleviate adverse stress responses, the underlying mechanisms are still uncovered. In the present study, we eva...