A thermoelectric material can convert temperature difference into electrical potential difference. Today, intensive researches are being carried out in order to use flexible, non-toxic and inexpensive conductive polymers instead of hard, hard-to-shape, expensive toxic semiconductor metals used as materials. Among the investigated for this purpose, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is mos...

We report facile in situ biomolecule assembly at readily addressable sites in microfluidic channels after complete fabrication and packaging of the microfluidic device. Aminopolysaccharide chitosan's pH responsive and chemically reactive properties allow electric signal-guided biomolecule assembly onto conductive inorganic surfaces from the aqueous environment, preserving the activity of the bi...

Challenges exist for the study of time dependent sorption processes for heterogeneous systems, especially in the case of dispersed nanomaterials in solvents or solutions because they are not well suited to conventional batch kinetic experiments. In this study, a comparison of batch versus a one-pot setup in two variable configurations was evaluated for the study of uptake kinetics in heterogene...

Results of in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), ex situ AFM, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction were combined with previous macroscopic investigations to characterize aqueous Pb(NO3)2 reaction with hydroxylapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH) (HAP). Experiments were conducted by immersing particulate HAP crystals in the AFM fluid cell in s...

Recent ex situ observations of crystallization in both natural and synthetic systems indicate that the classical models of nucleation and growth are inaccurate. However, in situ observations that can provide direct evidence for alternative models have been lacking due to the limited temporal and spatial resolution of experimental techniques that can observe dynamic processes in a bulk solution....

We identify the role of deformation twinning and twin–twin intersections on the strain hardening behavior of Hadfield steel single crystals using strain field measurements. In situ and ex situ strain field measurements resolved at micrometer length scales are obtained using digital image correlation. Ex situ measurements reveal that macroscopic twin-bands, which are composed of a mixture of fin...

Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) with rotating glassy carbon electrode (RGCE) and microfiber carbon electrode (μFCE), both filmed with mercury, were used to determine copper content in wine. Influence of phenolics on in situ mercury film formation was studied. Wine and quercetin were added gradually into solution of Hg(II) in acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer (pH = 4.60). Reduction of Hg(II) ...