AIM To investigate the morphology and variation of the circle of Willis (COW) in healthy Chinese male adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed cerebral magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images of 2,246 healthy subjects using typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRA. 3D-time of flight (TOF) MRA method was applied to all subjects and the classification was therefore achieved accordi...

Winter feeding costs represent between 50 and 60 cents of every dollar spent on keeping a cow a year. Thus, any attempt to control or reduce costs of operating a cow herd must focus on controlling or reducing feed costs. However, attempts at controlling or reducing costs are highly dependent on the forage system that the cow-calf operation uses. Forage systems vary depending on a variety of fac...

BACKGROUND In the present era of microscopic and neuroendoscopic procedures, the surgical anatomy of the skull base vessels has gained increased significance. The pattern of the vertebrobasilar arterial complex and the posterior circle of Willis (COW) in Nigerians has not been previously reported despite various variants of these complexes existing in different populations. OBJECTIVE To revie...

The periparturient cow undergoes a transition from non-lactating to lactating at calving. The animal is tremendously challenged to maintain calcium homeostasis. Those that fail can develop milk fever, a clinical disorder that is life threatening to the cow and predisposes the cow to a variety of other disorders. Less dramatic sub-clinical hypocalcemia can also reduce productivity of cattle by r...

Field investigations are important tools for confirmation of the effectiveness of the organic manures on crop yield. As different N sources, this work presents a comparative study of the effects of urea, cow dung and poultry manure on plant height, stem length and diameter, leaf length, breadth and number accompanied with the fresh weight of plant, stem, leaf coupling stem leaf ratio and gross ...

A method of simulating individual cow milk yield per milking as a function of herd milk yield and month was formulated for milking parlor simulation models. Milk yield per milking was modeled for each month in three herd milk yield categories: 8165, 8845, and 9525 kg/yr of milk per cow. Actual individual cow DHIA test day milk weight data for three Florida dairy herds in each herd milk yield ca...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Our previous study showed that cow ghee relative to soybean oil had a protective effect against carcinogen induced mammary cancer in rats. The objective of this study was to elucidate its biochemical mechanism. METHODS Two groups of 21 day old rats (20 each) were fed for 44 wk diet containing cow ghee or soybean oil (10%). Five animals from each group were sacrificed a...

The response of female tabanids to natural attractants was studied in the Monjoros Forest along the Nature Park Kopacki rit in eastern Croatia. Tabanids were caught in canopy traps baited with either aged cow, horse, sheep, or pig urine and also in unbaited traps. Tabanids were collected in a significantly higher numbers in traps baited with natural attractants compared to unbaited traps. The n...

Replicated cow herds of 15 Angus x Hereford (AH) and 15 Brahman x Hereford (BH) F1 cows each were placed on native rangeland (NR) or native rangeland-complementary forage (NRCF) systems. The NR was 8.1 ha of sagebrush-mixed prairie per cow-calf unit and the NRCF used the same mixed prairie complemented by .4 ha of double-cropped winter wheat and summer annual forage replacing about 30% of the m...