At NMIJ/AIST, there are two divisions in the electrical standards area. One is the Electricity and Magnetism (EM) Division and the other is the Electromagnetic Waves Division. The former covers low frequency electrical standards and the latter high frequency and electromagnetic field standards. The EM division has two sections, the Applied Electrical Standards Section and the Quantum Electrical...

The electromagnetic response of a pinned Abrikosov fluxoid is examined in the framework of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism. The matrix elements and the selection rules for both the single photon (emission absorption) and two photon (Raman scattering) processes are obtained. The results reveal striking asymmetries: light absorption by quasiparticle pair creation or single quasiparticle scatte...

Transition frequency jumps for single terrylene molecules in a polyethylene matrix caused by resonant laser irradiation are investigated at 30 mK. These jumps are not accompanied by substantial sample heating. A model for the effect is proposed, based on the interaction of tunneling two-level systems (TLSs) surrounding the single molecule with high-energy nonthermal phonons emitted by the molec...

This paper presents an overview of the wideband CDMA concept which was chosen in ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) in January 1998 as a basis for UMTS air interface for FDD (Frequency division duplexing) operation. UMTS is the 3rd generation mobile communication system specified within ETSI. This paper is organized as follows. First, the background of WCDMA is presented in ...

The effects of electron-beam prebunching on the radiation buildup process in a free-electron maser oscillator operating in the frequency range of 4–5 GHz were studied. An electron beam of 10 keV, 1 A was prebunched by means of a microwave tube section, accelerated to 70 keV, transported through a drift region by a solenoidal magnetic field and injected into a linearly polarized wiggler in which...

BACKGROUND The diagnostic accuracy of frozen section as an important source of information in surgical pathology is important not only in the management of surgical patients but also as a measure of quality control in surgical pathology. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of frozen sections over a 6-year period in a teaching hospital in Iran. METHODS We retrospectively review...

We study periodic orbits associated with heteroclinic bifurcations in a model of the Faraday system for containers with square cross-section and single-frequency forcing. These periodic orbits correspond to quasiperiodic surface waves in the physical system. The heteroclinic bifurcations are related to a continuum of heteroclinic connections in the integrable Hamiltonian limit, some of which pe...