BACKGROUND Laboratory experiments conducted since the 1940s show that amphetamine combined with task-relevant experience improves postbrain injury behavioral outcomes. Several small clinical trials evaluated the approach as a means of improving poststroke recovery. RESULTS In laboratory studies, the effect of amphetamine on recovery depends on the location and extent of brain injury, the dosi...

Adult Cromwell chafer beetles (Prodontria lewisi) from the Cromwell area were investigated for sex-specific morphological variation. Material from the National Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research Auckland and the Otago Museum that had been collected since the 1940s was examined. Females were significantly larger than males, but size-related variables were not effective in distinguishing bet...

Modeling data via artificial neural networks (ANN) is not a new concept. Most of the underlying techniques have been known since the 1940s. It has to be pointed out though that a series of recent advances in how the networks are trained and utilized form the foundation of today's Deep Learning ecosystem. It is a fair statement that the recent advances brought forward by Deep Learning reflect a ...

Consumer confidence measures and their effects on macroeconomic variables have been subject to extensive research since it was devised in the 1940s. Some empirical studies suggest that is one of leading causes fluctuations through its household consumption. Particularly, consumer durables spending borrowing are found be sensitive confidence. In this study, a stock-flow-consistent system dynamic...

On October 1, 2013 the reporting of diagnoses and procedures in the U.S. will transition from the clinical modification of the ninth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) to the tenth revision (ICD-10). The impact of conversion to ICD-10 on Medicare MS-DRG payments to hospitals was estimated using 2009 Medicare data. A minimal hospital payment increase of 0.05 perc...

While there is no consensus about the history of time since the beginning, in this paper I will discuss some possibilities. We have a pretty clear picture of cosmic history from the electroweak phase transition through the time of recombination, a period which includes the QCD phase transition and big bang nucleosynthesis. This paper includes a quantitative discussion of the age of the universe...

Color is one of the most important comparative characteristics of paints. The comparison of color is one of the first steps taken in a forensic paint comparison, and it is essential to note that this guide does not propose the use of instrumental color comparison for objects that are distinguishable to the eye. Since the 1940s, analytical instruments have been able to discriminate colors that t...

Since the 1940s, French Guiana has implemented vector control to contain or eliminate malaria, yellow fever, and, recently, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Over time, strategies have evolved depending on the location, efficacy of the methods, development of insecticide resistance, and advances in vector control techniques. This review summarises the history of vector control in French Guiana by ...

The azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott) (Tingidae: Hempitera), is a major pest of azaleas (Rhododendron L. spp.). Since its introduction from Asia in the 1940s, the pest has spread considerably within and outside the US. It causes severe economic damage to azaleas and also attacks other ericaceous hosts. The widespread acceptance and cultivation of its preferred host plants, azaleas,...

Heparin has been widely used for intradialytic anticoagulation since the 1940s. Heparin induced anaphylaxis can be life threatening, mandating early recognition and intervention. However, due to its relative rarity many physicians remain unaware. We report the case of a 70-year-old woman requiring dialysis, who developed recurrent anaphylaxis to intradialytic heparin. We describe a systematic a...