Had Scarlett O’Hara faced life in the aftermath of the Capitanian mass extinction, 260 million years ago, rather than the chaos of life in a war-stricken land, a better tomorrow sure would have been a long time in coming. In The Worst of Times, Paul Wignall marshals the most recent paleontological and geological evidence to argue that life on earth faced its roughest patch yet during a vast eig...

insulinoma in a patient with pre-existing diabetes is extremely rare. only a small number of cases have been reported all over the world. we report a case of insulinoma in a patient with type 2 diabetes. a 63-year-old female was diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus six years ago, she was given metformin and sulphonylurea to control her glycemia, she had adequate glycemic control for many years, ...

one of the most important natural factors and critical facilities in tehran is presence of alborzslopes river-valleys which have been considered as natural tourist places for citizens since a long time ago, especiallyin hot summers and play effective role in creating a balance between manmade and natural spaces. importance ofthese river-valleys as ecological pathways is enhanced with the increa...

in endemic regions visceral leishmaniasis is one of the most common opportunistic infections in hiv positive patients. simultaneous infection with leishmania and hiv has been reported in some countries but there's no such report from iran in medical literature. patient was a 27-year-old man admitted with chief complaints of intermittent abdominal pain, anorexia and vomiting since 6 months ago. ...

Human actinomycosis with involvement of the spine is a rare condition although it has been first described a long time ago. It is probably underrecognized since its clinical presentation is often misleading and accurate bacteriological diagnosis is challenging. We herein report a rare case of cervical actinomycosis with paravertebral abscess and spondylitis imputed to an infection by Actinomyce...

34-year old patient had history of muscular wasting, easy fatigability, pain in extremities and waddling gait since age of four. During the time, neuromuscular disease was suspected, but not confirmed. Elevated bone alkaline phosphatase as well as other bone turnover markers (osteocalcin, procollagen, telopeptide) indicated further skeletal evaluation. Symmetrical enhanced uptake on technetium ...

background: plasmapheresis is a well-recognised method for harvestingplasma.  it was introduced in the 1950s and is currently employed worldwide.  this method has been in use in iran since 1979.   objective: to evaluate the efficacy of donor safety program used at the iranian blood transfusion organization.   methods: a comparison is made of the protein concentrations between the first-time and...

Perforations might occur due to carious lesions, tooth resorption or they might be iatrogenic during endodontic treatment or in most cases they might occur during post space preparation. CASE REPORT: A 31-year-old female patient presented with a complaint of chronic pain on tooth #30 during last 6 months and sensitive to bite since a few days ago. There was a mild swelling on the gingival tissu...

use of auxiliary elements in refining and betterment of engineering properties of soil have gained attention since a long time ago. nowadays the effectiveness and capability of the soil reinforcing technique for giving proper practical solutions in various projects have resulted in this technique quickly gaining a place in geotechnical engineering. in this paper, the results of laboratory studi...