Polyphosphate is a phosphate polymer which is effective for stain removal and prevention of stain deposition. Ultraphosphate belongs to the polyphosphate group and has a highly branched mesh-like structure. To evaluate stain control ability of ultraphosphate, we used HAP powder, glass-ionomer cement and detached human teeth for models of in vitro stain control experiments. When using HAP powder...

The Lorentzand CPT-violating Chern–Simons extension of electrodynamics is considered. In the context of N = 4 supergravity in four spacetime dimensions, it is argued that cosmological solutions can generate this extension. Within Chern– Simons electrodynamics, theoretical and phenomenological topics are reviewed that concern the number of the remaining spacetime symmetries and the vacuum Cheren...

We explore the dynamics of three-dimensional Chern-Simons gauge theories with N = 2 supersymmetry and matter in the fundamental and adjoint representations of the gauge group. Realizing the gauge theories of interest in a setup of threebranes and fivebranes in type IIB string theory we argue for a Seiberg duality that relates Chern-Simons theories with non-trivial superpotentials.

For the abelian Chern-Simons field theory, we consider the quantum functional integration over the Deligne-Beilinson cohomology classes and we derive the main properties of the observables in a generic closed orientable 3-manifold. We present an explicit pathintegral non-perturbative computation of the Chern-Simons links invariants in the case of the torsion-free 3-manifolds S, S × S and S × Σg.

We propose a generating function for scattering amplitudes of N=6 supersymmetric-Chern-Simons theory, which parallels a recent work on N=4 supersymmetric-Yang-Mills theory by Arkani-Hamed et al. Our result suggests that the scattering amplitudes of the supersymmetric-Chern-Simons theory exhibit Yangian invariance.

We examine a criterion for the anyonic superconductivity at zero temperature in Abelian matter-coupled Chern-Simons gauge field theories in three dimensions. By solving the Dyson-Schwinger equations, we obtain a critical value of the statistical charge for the superconducting phase in a massless fermion-Chern-Simons model.

Chern-Simons theory was first introduced by S. S. Chern and J. Simons in [CS] as secondary characteristic classes: given a Lie group G and a flat Gbundle P over a manifoldM , all Chern-Weil characteristic classes of P has to vanish as P have a flat connection whereas the bundle might be non trivial. The Chern-Simons functional is a non trivial invariant of G-bundles with connections. This theor...

1 Abstract We examine noncommutative Chern Simons theory using operator regularization. Both the ζ-function and the η-function are needed to determine one loop effects. The contributions to these functions coming from the two point function is evaluated. The U(N) noncommu-tative model smoothly reduces to the SU(N) commutative model as the noncommutative parameter θ µν vanishes. 1 2 Introduction...

In an effort to better understand the biomass recalcitrance, six natural poplar variants were selected as feedstocks based on previous sugar release analysis. Compositional analysis and physicochemical characterizations of these poplars were performed and the correlations between these physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis yield were investigated. Gel permeation chromatography (GP...