Silica presents a particularly challenging problem to the Silica remains one of the most common and problematic components in cane sugar juice evaporator scale. The relationship between silica concentration in clear juice and its precipitation in the evaporator train is considered. Methods of reducing silica levels in clear juice through changes in the extraction conditions are investigated thr...

Silica supported phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5·SiO2) is an efficient catalyst for synthesis of 1,3,5-substituted pyrazoles via the condensation of 1,3-diketones and hydrazines. Simplicity of procedure, mild condition, being solvent-free, high yields, and easy workup are some advantages of this protocol.

An efficient green route for the preparation of naphthoxazinones, applying a three-component one-pot condensation reaction of 2-naphthol, aromatic aldehyde and urea in the presence of nano silica supported ferric chloride under solvent-free conditions has been developed. The present procedure offers several advantages such as short reaction time, simple workup, recovery and reusability of the c...

In this research, different alcohols and phenols are subjected to the reaction with HMDS in the presence of ionic liquid and silica-supported catalysts. Silylation was accomplished under mild reaction conditions at room temperature in short reaction times and good to excellent yields.

Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines are oxidized to the corresponding pyridine derivatives using oxygen or air and a mixture of the manganese and cobalt salts of parninobenzoic acid supported on silica gel as the catalysts. Reactions are clean and the catalysts can be recovered easily and reused repeatedly.

Conformal deposition of platinum as ultrathin shells on facet-controlled palladium nanocrystals offers a great opportunity to enhance the catalytic performance while reducing its loading. Here we report such a system based on palladium icosahedra. Owing to lateral confinement imposed by twin boundaries and thus vertical relaxation only, the platinum overlayers evolve into a corrugated structure...

We present a novel fabrication route yielding highly active platinum anodes for body implantable glucose micro fuel cells. Such devices harvest electrical energy from glucose and oxygen in body fluids and are currently under development as sustainable power supply for medical implants. The novel anode fabrication process roots on the interdiffusion of an extractable non-noble metal with bulk pl...

Zinc chloride silica gel-supported was found to be an efficient, inexpensive catalyst for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridines via one-pot three-component condensation of aryl aldehydes, dimedone, andammonium acetate in high yields. The described novel synthetic method propose several advantages of safety, mild condition, short reaction times, high yields, simplicityand easy workup comp...

An efficient green route for the preparation of naphthoxazinones, applying a three-component one-pot condensation reaction of 2-naphthol, aromatic aldehyde and urea in the presence of nano silica supported ferric chloride under solvent-free conditions has been developed. The present procedure offers several advantages such as short reaction time, simple workup, recovery and reusability of the c...

Nano-silica supported boron trifluoride (BF3.SiO2) is an efficient, reusable and eco-friendly catalyst for chemoselective thioacetalization of aldehydes and ketones. So, this catalyst was applied for transthioacetalization of acetals and acylals into their corresponding 1,3-dithiolanes or 1,3-dithianes  in good to excellent yields. The reactions were carried out at room temperature under solven...