Silene dioica is a dioecious plant of the family Caryophyllaceae. In the present study, we used Illumina sequencing technology (MiSeq) to sequence, de novo assembly and annotate the transcriptomes of male and female copper tolerant S. dioica individuals. We sequenced the normalized mRNA of roots, shoots, flower buds and flowers for each sex. Raw reads of the transcriptome assembly project for S...

The sex chromosomes of dioecious white campion, Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae), are of relatively recent origin (10-20 million years), providing a unique opportunity to trace the origin and evolution of sex chromosomes in this genus by comparing closely related Silene species with and without sex chromosomes. Here I demonstrate that four genes that are X-linked in S. latifolia are also link...

We seek foundations for a possible theory of domain descriptions. Sect. 2 informally outlines what we mean by a domain. Sect. 3 informally outlines the entities whose description form a description of a domain. Sect. 4 then suggests one way of formalising such description parts1. There are other ways of formally describing The exemplified description approach is model-oriented, specifically the...

Description Logics [1] are logical formalisms for representing information about classes and objects. They are very often used as the basis of knowledge representation systems and have been used recently to develop OWL semantic web language, which can be viewed as an expressive Description Logic. There is an impressive variety of Description Logics with diverse expressiveness and complexity, or...

The effect of (a huge number of) pumping holes on beam dynamics and stability, described in terms of coupling impedances, is a fundamental issue and has been carefully investigated, both theoretically [1] and experimentally [2]. With the exception of a few very simple pipe geometris, for which the modal expansion of the electromagnetic field is available, beam coupling impedances can be only co...

Floral odor is a key trait for pollinator attraction in many plants, but may also direct antagonists like herbivores to flowers. In this study, we examined how floral scent changes after pollination in Silene latifolia, which has a specialized relationship with the seed predator Hadena bicruris. We found an overall decrease in total scent emission and considerable changes in relative amounts of...

Currently, the monophyletic lineage of anther smuts on Caryophyllaceae includes 22 species classified in the genus Microbotryum. They are model organisms studied in many disciplines of fungal biology. A molecular phylogenetic approach was used to resolve species boundaries within the caryophyllaceous anther smuts, as species delimitation based solely on phenotypic characters was problematic. Se...