Preimplantation development of the mammalian embryo consists of stages that include formation of the <span style="font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: ArialM...

A vast array of herbivorous arthropods live with symbiotic microorganisms. However, little is known about the nature and functional mechanism bacterial effects on plant defense responses towards herbivores. We explored role microbes present in extracts oral secretion (OS) isolated from larvae Spodoptera litura, a generalist herbivore, phytohormone signaling-dependent Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabi...

bone is formed through the processes of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. in endochondral ossification primary mesenchymal cells differentiate to chondrocytes and then are progressively substituted by bone, while in intramembranous ossification mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) differentiate directly into osteoblasts to form bone. the steps of osteogenic proliferation, differentiation,...

long-term potentiation (ltp) is a process that certain types of synaptic stimulation lead to a long-lasting enhancement in the strength of synaptic transmission. studies in recent years indicate the importance of molecular pathways in the development of memory and learning. tropomyosin receptor kinase b (trkb) is a member of the neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase family, that its ligand is b...

urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (upar) and its ligands play a major role in many tumors by mediating extracellular matrix degradation and signaling cascades leading to tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. recently we introduced upar decapeptide antagonist with cytotoxic effect on mda-mb-231 cell line. in this study we assessed the alteration in upar downstream signaling following tre...

Abstract Successful initiation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, and subsequent antigen-encounter in germinal centers are both marked by sharp increases CD25 surface-expression. Likewise, oncogenic signaling leukemia (B-ALL) lymphoma induces CD25-surface expression. While is known as an IL2-receptor chain on T- NK-cells, significance its expression B-cells was unclear. We discovered that,...

G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many facets of homeostasis by sensing extracellular signaling molecules. To exert a plethora roles, GPCRs use divergent and intricate networks. better understand the role GPCR signaling, it is an important goal to identify contribution every signal transducer its effectors. Recent advances in methodologies have provided unprecedented opportunity char...

This review provides a detailed summary of the issues etiology, pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms corneal neovascularization. Signaling molecules involved in process neovasculogenesis, as well their antagonists, antiangiogenic factors, are described. The role signaling proteins VEGF, MMP receptors modern targets therapy is described on basis series clinical studies. potentials gene bioengin...

Background: Monocytes are essential components in inflammatory signaling, and their recruitment is crucial the signaling pathway, which directs determines cell adhesion to activated endothelium. A better understanding of correlation between monocyte subsets patients with atherosclerotic disease acute coronary syndrome (ACS) for development more effective therapies prevention treatment cardiovas...