The rapid growth of child psychopharmacology has been nothing short of being phenomenal. Not only have the types of medications available increased dramatically, but so have their annual rates of production and prescription. But There is, however, inadequate research on the physiological and behavioural effects of psychoactive medications; their long term effects, the mechanisms of their action...

Defining formalisms and models in a modular way is a painful task. Metamodeling tools and languages have usually not been created with this goal in mind. This article proposes a data structure, called layered data, that allows defining easily modular abstract syntax for formalisms and models. It also shows its use through an exhaustive example. As a side effect, this article discusses the notio...

Manufacturers of commercial display devices continuously try to improve the perceived image quality of their products. By applying some post processing techniques on the incoming image signal, they aim to enhance the quality level perceived by the viewer. Applying such techniques may cause side effects on different portions of the processed image. In order to apply these techniques effectively ...

Heterogeneous Treatment Effects: Instrumental Variables without Monotonicity? A fundamental identification problem in program evaluation arises when idiosyncratic gains from participation and the treatment decision depend on each other. Imbens and Angrist (1994) were the first to exploit a monotonicity condition in order to identify an average treatment effect parameter using instrumental varia...

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ur aim was to provide a better understanding of why many adults fail to receive recom mmunizations. Consumers (N 2,002) and healthcare providers (N 200) completed structured elephone interviews concerning their attitudes and knowledge about adult vaccines and factors af heir vaccination decisions. Self-reported immunization rates for tetanus, influenza, and pneumoc accines (which were emphasize...

Recent work shows that both reward and punishment systems increase short-term cooperation in social dilemmas. Yet, a growing body of research finds that punishment systems generate a range of negative side effects, including an undermining of trust in fellow group members’ cooperative intentions. The present work asks whether reward systems can generate the same positive effects as punishment s...

Nowadays, urban environments suffer from recurrent traffic jam with associated side effects. Platoon system, a set of vehicle attach by virtual link, is one of answer. in order to cope with issues such as different platoon geometrics since several years, we’re seeing the multi-agent system as element of response to many problems. This paper to apply this concept for platoon vehicles system thro...

162 Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 2003: 29(3) Background Inevitably there are limited long-term safety data for any new contraceptive method. Detailed scientific studies, performed in a small number of women, provide evidence on mode of action. Larger clinical trials examine efficacy, side effects and acceptability. The number of women-years of exposure is less than fo...

Phase IV of clinical trials also named post marketing studies or real world trials, are useful to better understand the true efficacy of medicines. Phase IV could improve scientific knowledge i.e. side effects, use of a drug in special conditions, better precision of the dosage. But some studies are more designed for economic purposes facilitating product promotion. So there are several kinds o...