The structure of the oxide as a nucleus for intragranular ferrite formation in low O weld metal and mechanism Mn depleted zone (MDZ) at oxide/matrix interface were studied using liquid-tin quenched specimens high-temperature conditions during laser welding carbon Ti added steel. At high temperature 1720 K, MDZ is formed around complex oxides (Ti,Mn)3O5, (Ti,Mn)2O3, liquid phase (containing Si, ...

Mixed copper-cerium oxides were prepared by two methods leading to different wpper species in the as-prepared material. At the catalyst operating temperature (300400°C) and above, the same copper species was present irrespective of the prepration technique. A solid solution having the same fluorite structure as that of pure CeQ was formed and remained stable after calcination to 100O0C. At temp...

The design of new amphoteric catalysts is of great interest for several industrial processes, especially those covering dehydration and dehydrogenation phenomena. Adsorption microcalorimetry was used to monitor the design of mixed oxides of zinc with Group 3 elements (aluminium, gallium, indium) with amphoteric character and enhanced specific surface area. Acid-base features were found to evolv...

A number of nickel based materials are investigated as potential oxygen evolution catalysts under conditions close to those met in modern, high current density alkaline water electrolysers. Microelectrodes are used to avoid distortion of voltammetric data by IR drop even at the high current densities employed in such water electrolysers. High surface area nickel metal oxides prepared by cathodi...

Carrier-selective passivating contacts for effective electron and hole extraction are crucial to the attainment of high efficiency in crystalline silicon (Si) solar cells. In this comprehensive review, principle carrier recombination mechanisms conventional industrial Si cells discussed first. Passivating based on (i) amorphous hydrogenated (ii) polysilicon/silicon oxide next reviewed, with emp...

Nucleation and growth of Si nanowires by laser ablation and thermal evaporation of Si powder sources mixed with SiO2 have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy. At the initial nucleation stage, Si oxide vapor condensed on the substrate and formed Si nanoparticles ~the nuclei of nanowires!. Each Si nanowire nucleus consisted of a polycrystalline Si core containing a high...

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts that are earth-abundant and are active and stable in acid are unknown. Active catalysts derived from Co and Ni oxides dissolve at low pH, whereas acid stable systems such as Mn oxides (MnOx) display poor OER activity. We now demonstrate a rational approach for the design of earth-abundant catalysts that are stable and active in acid by treating activity...

This paper compares different coating methods (in situ solid combustion, hybrid deposition, secondary growth on seed, suspension, double deposition of wet impregnation and suspension) to deposit Ce0.2Zr0.8O₂ mixed oxides on cordierite substrates, for use as a three way catalyst. Among them, the double deposition was proven to be the most efficient one. The coated sample shows a BET (Brunauer-Em...

High-resolution soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the oxidation of alkylated silicon(111) surfaces under ambient conditions. Silicon(111) surfaces were functionalized through a two-step route involving radical chlorination of the H-terminated surface followed by alkylation with alkylmagnesium halide reagents. After 24 h in air, surface species representing Si(+), Si(...