OBJECTIVES To assess the costs of the health effects of cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure to society. DESIGN Prevalence-based, disease-specific cost-of-illness study. We used an epidemiological population-attributable risk method to determine the costs that can be attributed to smoking and SHS exposure. SETTING Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS All adult population aged 35 and olde...

BACKGROUND Assisting smoking parents to quit smoking and eliminating the secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure of their children is a global health priority. Engaging healthcare workers in developing countries to address this priority has been a challenge. This study intends to explore issues around current practice related to SHS exposure assessment and counseling and identify barriers to SHS exposu...

Experimental evidence for the physiological effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) is limited, although it affects millions of people globally and its prevalence is increasing, despite currently adopted antismoking measures. Also, scarce evidence suggests that the effects of SHS may be more pronounced in men. We conducted a randomized single-blind crossover study to investigate the sex-specific SHS ...

BACKGROUND The objective was to compare the pattern of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) among non-smokers in the general population and in hospitality workers. METHODS We used the adult (16-64 years) non-smokers of two independent studies (general population and hospitality workers) in Spain. We assessed the exposure to SHS by means of questionnaire and salivary cotinine concentration. R...

AIM Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a major indoor pollutant. We examined the possible association between exposure to both SHS and low levels of lead and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its symptom domain in children. METHODS This case-control study was based on the results of a community survey using the ADHD rating scale conducted in 49 elementary schools. Both cases and cont...

INTRODUCTION This study compares early failure rates of sliding hip screw (SHS) and cannulated screw (CS) constructs in young patients. METHODS Patients <60 years of age, with displaced femoral neck fractures treated with CS or SHS fixation were included. Primary outcome was failure within 6 months. RESULTS One patient (3%) with SHS fixation and 6 patients (21%) with CS fixation failed with...

BACKGROUND Since 1996, the tobacco industry has used the 16 Cities Study conclusions that workplace secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposures are lower than home exposures to argue that workplace and other smoking restrictions are unnecessary. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine the origins and objectives of the 16 Cities Study through analysis of internal tobacco industry documents and regul...

BACKGROUND No data on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure are available on a national level in Italy. To assess the prevalence of exposure to SHS in indoor public places, home and cars in non-smoking Italian population, we conducted a survey 5 years after the national smoking ban. METHODS In 2010, we conducted a survey on a representative sample of the Italian population aged≥15 years. Analyses w...

Childhood exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a serious threat to public health and can be influenced by parental lifestyle habits and beliefs. Taking the above into account we aimed at locating predictors of parental induced exposure to SHS in the house and family car among 614 children who visited the emergency department of two large pediatric hospitals in Athens, Greece. The multivariate ...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether children with influenza who are exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) would have more severe illness than those not exposed. STUDY DESIGN We abstracted charts from pediatric inpatients with confirmed influenza from 2002-2009 for demographics, medical history, and smoke exposure. Severity indicators included intensive care, intubation, and length of stay (LOS) i...