Neocosmospora E.F. Smith is a filamentous ascomycete fungal genus belong to Hypocreales order and contains several species mainly pathogenic for plants (Cannon & Hawksworth 1982). Species of Neocosmospora are known to live in the soil of tropical or subtropical areas and often in association with plant roots. During summer 2017, for isolation of Fusarium species from uncultivated soil (foothill...

this study was carried out in order to identify the effects of soil water depletion (swd) on monogerm sugar beet (cv. shirin) seed growth trend at different growth stages. an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (rcbd) with three replications in ardebil agricultural research station. during 2002 and 2003 cropping seasons, nine treatments including control (irrigation aft...

rhizomania (root madness) is caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). this disease was first reported fromitalyin 1959 and fromfars,iranin 1996. during the recent years, it has been increasingly developing across the country so that most beet production areas such as khorasan, fars, west azarbaijan,isfahanandkermanshahare now more or less affected by the disease. typically, the taproo...

in persian literature and persian painting, versifying and illustrating khamsa were common for centuries. after ferdowsi's “shahname”, khamsa of nizami is known to be the most popular poetry book in persian literature. the khamsa (quintet) is a collection of five narrative poems called:“makhzan al-asrar”, “khusraw and shirin”, “layla and majnun”, “haft peykar” and “iskandar nama” composed ...

the iranian world has a well-established tradition of images that goes back to anitiquity. the structure relation between text and image become increasingly intricate in illustrated manuscripts, at least from the middle of forteenth century onwards. these links can be observed through the composition and layout of the paintings. these relations seem to be expressed in some persian poetical text...

The importance of advancing women’s rights is closely intertwined with the development of civil society and the institutionalization of democracy in Middle Eastern countries. There is indeed an intimate relationship between the process of democratization and promoting gender equality, since democracy necessitates equality between men and women. In order to advance the issue of gender equality, ...