Measurements of Middle Jurassic tridactyl dinosaur tracks from the Bathonian, Lealt Shale, Valtos Sandstone, Duntulm and Kilmaluag formations of the Isle of Skye, UK, are compared to the same measurements taken for dinosaur footprints from the Bajocian, Gypsum Spring and the Bathonian, Sundance Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA. Principal component analysis of the data suggests that ...

Robot formations imply the establishment and the maintenance of a predetermined geometric shape by a group of robots. In this work, we achieve formations using robots with proximity sensors of short detection range and no inter-robot communication equipment. This fact turns the synthesis problem into a hard one compared to those cases where the robot has information about the absolute location ...

Optical tweezers are used for manipulation of micron-sized dielectric beads and cells. Some biological cells are vulnerable to photo damage if subjected to laser based direct manipulation. In such cases, precise manipulation of these cells can be accomplished by using gripper formations made up of glass beads actuated by optical tweezers. Indirect manual manipulation of cells using optically he...

We present an extension of Eilenberg’s variety theorem, a wellknown result connecting algebra to formal languages. We prove that there is a bijective correspondence between formations of finite monoids and certain classes of languages, the formations of languages. Our result permits to treat classes of finite monoids which are not necessarily closed under taking submonoids, contrary to the orig...

The present study was carried out to determine the possible origins of sediments entering Taleghan Dam in northern part of Iran, in order to avoid further sedimentation and helping in extension of the useful life of the proposed dam. This was performed by XRD analysis. To do so, first of all, sediment sampling points were positioned along the Taleghan River. The collected samples, after coding,...

[1] Spur and groove (SAG) formations are found on the fore reefs of many coral reefs worldwide. Although these formations are primarily present in wave-dominated environments, their effect on wave-driven hydrodynamics is not well understood. A twodimensional, depth-averaged, phase-resolving nonlinear Boussinesq model (funwaveC) was used to model hydrodynamics on a simplified SAG system. The mod...

Formation control is concerned with the design of control laws that stabilize agents at given distances from each other, with the constraint that an agent’s dynamics can depend only on a subset of other agents. When the information flow graph of the system, which encodes this dependency, is acyclic, simple control laws are known to globally stabilize the system, save for a set of measure zero o...

Collective behavior of swarms and flocks has been studied from several perspectives, including continuous (Eulerian) and individual-based (Lagrangian) models. Here, we use the latter approach to examine a minimal model for the formation and maintenance of group structure, with specific emphasis on a simple milling pattern in which particles follow one another around a closed circular path.We ex...

Over the past 25 years, the machine-part cell formation problem has been the subject of numerous studies. Researchers have applied various methodologies to the problem in an effort to determine optimal clusterings of machines and optimal groupings of parts into families. The quality of these machine and part groupings have been evaluated using various objective functions, including grouping eff...

Formation flight is the primary movement technique for teams of helicopters. However, the potential for accidents is greatly increased when helicopter teams are required to fly in tight formations and under harsh conditions. The starting point for safe autonomous flight formations is to design a distributed control law attenuating external disturbances coming into a formation, so that each vehi...