The shikimate pathway provides carbon skeletons for the aromatic amino acids l-tryptophan, l-phenylalanine, and l-tyrosine. It is a high flux bearing pathway and it has been estimated that greater than 30% of all fixed carbon is directed through this pathway. These combined pathways have been subjected to considerable research attention due to the fact that mammals are unable to synthesize thes...

The shikimate pathway consists of seven enzymatic reactions whose end product chorismate is the precursor for the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids Phe, Tyr and Trp. In fungi and plants, chorismate is a precursor for many specialised metabolites (i.e. secondary metabolites) that play an important role in the plant’s interaction with its environment. The shikimate pathway and aromatic amino ...

Considerable enzymological diversity underlies the capacity for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in nature. For this biochemical pathway, higher plants as a group exhibit a uniform pattern of pathway steps, compartmentation, and catalytic, physical and allosteric properties of enzymes. This biochemical pattern of higher plants contains a collection of features which are completely different...

bassia latifolia bud and cajanus cajan seed were evaluated for anti-fertility activity in mature female mice. anti-fertility activity was evaluated by observing the estrus cycle, body weight, wet weight of ovaries, steroidogenic enzymes, and substrates. bassia latifolia bud and cajanus cajan seed extract arrested normal oestrous cycle at dioestrous stage. the decrease in weight of ovary and ute...

Glyphosate is a widely applied broad-spectrum systemic herbicide that inhibits competitively the penultimate enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the shikimate pathway, thereby causing deleterious effects. A glyphosate-resistant Arabidopsis mutant (gre1) was isolated and genetic analyses indicated that a dysfunctional red (R) and far-red (FR) light receptor, phytochro...

Benzyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (BADH) is an important enzyme for hydrocarbon degradation, which can oxidize benzyl alcohols to aldehydes, while being capable of catalyzing a reversible reaction by reducing benzaldehyde. BADH is a member of medium chain alcohol dehydrogenases, in which zinc and NAD are essential for enzyme activity. This paper describes the expression, purification, and characteri...

Transketolase (TK) catalyzes reactions in the Calvin cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) and produces erythrose-4-phosphate, which is a precursor for the shikimate pathway leading to phenylpropanoid metabolism. To investigate the consequences of decreased TK expression for primary and secondary metabolism, we transformed tobacco with a construct containing an antisense TK s...

To investigate the response of nine turfgrass species exposed to increasing rates of glyphosate application, the dry matter production, visual leaf injury symptoms (e.g., chlorosis and necrosis) and the concentrations of shikimate and mineral nutrients were determined in shoots. The rates of foliar glyphosate application were 0%, 5% (1.58 mM), and 20% (6.32 mM) of the recommended application ra...

the objectives of this study were to determinethe interactions between two hepatic enzymes and some minerals in the liver of broiler chickens. the study was performed with male and female from 1 to 56 days of age of broiler chickens. malic acid was added to the water and offered to chickens freely from the start to the end of the experiment with constant concentration. the treatments consisted ...