We show herein how mechanical forces at macro or micro scales may affect the biological response at the nanoscale. The reason resides in the intimate link between chemistry and mechanics at the molecular level. These interactions occur under dynamic conditions such as the shear stress induced by flowing blood or the intracellular tension. Thus, resisting removal by mechanical forces, e.g., shea...

this study deals with the applications of a trigonometric shear deformation theory considering the effect of the transverse shear deformation on the static flexural analysis of the soft core sandwich beams. the theory gives realistic variation of the transverse shear stress through the thickness, and satisfies the transverse shear stress free conditions at the top and bottom surfaces of the bea...

Atherosclerosis begins as local inflammation of arterial walls at sites of disturbed flow, such as vessel curvatures and bifurcations with low shear stress. c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) is a major regulator of flow-dependent gene expression in endothelial cells in atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the in vivo role of JNK in low shear stress in atherosclerosis. We aimed to obser...

BACKGROUND Regions in the vasculature exposed to steady laminar flow have a lower likelihood for atherosclerosis than regions exposed to disturbed flow with low shear stress. We previously found that laminar flow of short duration inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-mediated proinflammatory signaling in cultured endothelial cells (ECs). However, mechanisms responsible for the atheroprot...

In startup of steady shearing flow of two viscous unentangled liquids, namely low-molecular-weight polystyrene and -Dglucose, the shear stress catastrophically collapses if the shear rate is raised above a value coresponding to a critical initial shear stress of around 0.1-0.3 Mpa. The time-dependence of the shear stress during

Shear stress measured on three different cushioning materials 1 Summary Shear force is an important component of the mechanical load on a person that is supported by a surface. Too high shear force leads to occlusion of blood flow, which is seen as one of the most important factors behind pressure sores and discomfort. In the present study the influence of three different cushioning materials (...

BACKGROUND The complement system is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Complement has been shown to activate endothelial cells (ECs) by inducing a proinflammatory response. Physiological levels of shear stress exert potent antiatherosclerotic effects. Therefore, we investigated whether shear stress antagonizes the effects of complement on ECs. METHODS AND RESULTS Incubation of...

Shear stress is a major determinant of endothelial apoptosis, but its role in the in vivo release of shed membrane microparticles by endothelial cells remains unknown. Thus, we sought to evaluate the possible relationship between circulating endothelial microparticle levels and laminar shear stress in end-stage renal disease patients with high cardiovascular risk, whose levels of endothelial mi...

The determination of shear wave speed is an important subject in the field of elastography, since elevated shear wave speeds can be directly linked to increased stiffness of tissues. MRI and ultrasound scanners are frequently used to detect shear waves and a variety of estimators are applied to calculate the underlying shear wave speed. The estimators can be relatively simple if plane wave beha...