Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is strongly dependent on arterial size, but the reasons for this phenomenon are poorly understood. We have previously shown that FMD is greater in small brachial arteries because the shear stress stimulus is greater in small brachial arteries. However, it is unclear why the shear stimulus is greater in small arteries. Furthermore, this relationship has not been inve...

We carried out pointwise local velocity measurements on 40 mM cetylpyridinium chloride-sodium salicylate (CPyCl-NaSal) wormlike micellar solution using high-frequency ultrasound velocimetry in a Couette shear cell. The studied wormlike solution exhibits Newtonian, shear-thinning and shear-thickening rheological behavior in a stress-controlled environment. Previous rheology, flow visualization a...

Ultrasound shear wave elastography is becoming a valuable tool for measuring mechanical properties of individual muscles. Since ultrasound shear wave elastography measures shear modulus along the principal axis of the probe (i.e., along the transverse axis of the imaging plane), the measured shear modulus most accurately represents the mechanical property of the muscle along the fascicle direct...

BACKGROUND Endothelial cells (ECs) are continuously exposed to hemodynamic forces imparted by blood flow. While it is known that endothelial behavior can be influenced by cytokine activation or fluid shear, the combined effects of these two independent agonists have yet to be fully elucidated. METHODOLOGY We investigated EC response to long-term inflammatory cues under physiologically relevan...

Once plaques intrude into the lumen, the shear stress they are exposed to alters with hitherto unknown consequences for plaque composition. We investigated the relationship between shear stress and strain, a marker for plaque composition, in human coronary arteries. We imaged 31 plaques in coronary arteries with angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Computational fluid dynamics was used to ...

Deflection analysis of a simply supported microbeam subjected to a concentrated load at the middle is investigated on the basis of a shear deformable beam theory and non-classical theory. Effects of shear deformation and small size are taken into consideration by hyperbolic shear deformable beam theory and modified strain gradient theory, respectively. The governing differential equations and c...

This paper compares base shears computed from floor accelerations (inertial base shear) and column shears (structural base shear) for two mid-rise, multi­ story buildings due to a suite of 30 earthquake ground motions. The presented results demonstrate that the inertial base shear exceeds the structural base shear in the median by 10% to 20% and may exceed the structural base shear by as much a...

Shear thickening is a widespread phenomenon in suspension flow that, despite sustained study, is still the subject of much debate. The longstanding view that shear thickening is due to hydrodynamic clusters has been challenged by recent theory and simulations suggesting that contact forces dominate, not only in discontinuous, but also in continuous shear thickening. Here, we settle this dispute...

To study the dynamic shear deformation and failure properties of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) alloy and Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe (Ti-55511) alloy, a series of forced shear tests on flat hat shaped (FHS) specimens for the two investigated materials was performed using a split Hopkinson pressure bar setup. The evolution of shear deformation was monitored by an ultra-high-speed camera (Kirana-05M). Localized sh...