The goal for the Third Generation (3G) of mobile communications system is to seamlessly integrate a wide variety of communication services. The rapidly increasing popularity of mobile radio services has created a series of technological challenges. One of this is the need for power and spectrally efficient modulation schemes to meet the spectral requirements of mobile communications. Pulse shap...

LLE Review, Volume 96 225 Laser-beam shaping is a rapidly developing field of research driven by both technological improvements of beam-shaping devices and the ever-increasing demands of applications. In high-energy laser chains, efficient beam shaping is successfully achieved in the front ends by passive methods such as beam apodization1 or intracavity mode shaping;2 however, these static tec...

The past decade has witnessed remarkable progress in wavefront shaping, including shaping of beams in free space, of plasmonic wavepackets and of electronic wavefunctions. In all of these, the wavefront shaping was achieved by external means such as masks, gratings and reflection from metasurfaces. Here, we propose wavefront shaping by exploiting general relativity (GR) effects in waveguide set...

Human factors are among the main elements affecting the reliability of nondestructive examinations (NDE). In a man-machine system, human reliability is affected by many factors (performance shaping factors) whose influence on reliability cannot be easily expressed quantitatively. This paper identifies and ranks 59 perform-ance shaping factors by using a fuzzy reasoning method and proposes a pro...

This paper presents an error shaping technique for line spectrum frequency (LSF) vector quantization. The error shaping technique based on the weighted logarithm spectral distortion (WLSD) measure can be used for shaping the spectral distortion distribution ofquantization error into anydifferent curve depending on what kind of weighting function is used. However, the high computational complexi...

| 1 For Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex-ing (OFDM) schemes, the time waveform plays a major role not only in shaping the spectrum of the transmitted signal but also in separating the signal subcarriers at the receiver. The selection of such waveform is then very important and can make a big diierence in spectrum utilization and system performance. The diiculty in using pulse shaping wit...

An overview of the history and current practices of laser beam shaping is presented. When diffraction effects are not important, geometrical methods for laser beam shaping (ray tracing, conservation of energy within a bundle of rays, and the constant optical path length condition) can be used to determine system configurations, including aspheric elements and spherical-surface GRIN lenses, whic...

Motion-induced vibration can be greatly reduced by properly shaping the reference command. Input shaping is one type of reference shaping method that is based largely on linear superposition. In this paper we document the impact of nonlinear crane dynamics on the effectiveness of input shaping. As typical bridge cranes are driven using Cartesian motions, they behave nearly linearly for lowand m...